International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 1173-1178 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND TIRUPATI G.B.Ramesh kumar G T Hemanth Associate Professor U.G Student Department of civil engineering Department of civil engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS, Chennai-602105 SIMATS,Chennai-602105 [email protected] water quality standards in its publication “Operational Guidelines for Rural Water Quality Surveillance” same ABSTRACT: Water is one of the most essential components for the geology depositional history and generally has similarities throughout the stratum in terms of density, existence of life on earth. The quality of any body of source. surface of ground water is a function of either both natural influences and human influences. Although water pollution is an age old problem, in this modern age, the problems like growing population, sewage disposal, 2. METHODOLOGY industrial waste, radioactive waste, etc. have polluted our water resources so much that about 75 % rivers and The drinking water samples were collected from twenty streams, not only of India but also of all the countries, different areas of Tirupati in Chittoor district, Andhra contain polluted waters. According to WHO, about 600 Pradesh, India. These samples were selected and the million cases of diarrhea and 46,00,000 childhood deaths details of samples are given in below table. The sample are reported per year because of contaminated water . sites are major sources drinking sources for the various in Globally, the most prevalent water quality problem is Tirupati. The samples eutrophication, a result of high-nutrient loads (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen). Poor water quality has a direct were collected in polythene bottles, which were impact on water quantity in a number of ways. Polluted previously cleaned. The analysis was carried out water that cannot be used for drinking, bathing, industry systematically both volumetrically and by instrumental or agriculture effectively reduces the amount of useable techniques. The procedures were followed from standard water within a given area. ground water and surface books and manual. The analysis has been carried out water is threatened with pollution from various sources immediately for P H, electrical conductivity, and odour viz., domestic wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural and for all the other parameters within three hours of wastes, run off from urban areas and soluble effluents. sampling time. The quality of water is a vital concern for mankind since it is directly linked with human welfare. In India, most of the population is dependent on groundwater and surface 3. WATER STUDY AREA water as the only source of drinking water supply. The study area shows distinct composite environment of the rural and urban confluence. Of the total 10 villages of Tirupati. The Swarnamukhi is an east flowing river Basin 1. INTRODUCTION: having a little catchment area of 3225 km2. It grows at an Water that is clear and colorless gives an impression that altitude of 300 m in the eastern Ghat ranges near Pakala village in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. It runs it is safe for human consumption. This may not be generally in the north-eastern direction passing through always true as many of the bacteria and objectionable the famous Tirupati Hills before joining into the Bay of matter may be present in visible form. These may be Bengal. Its total length is 130 km. This is an independent added to water either naturally or due to certain activities river and receives no major tributaries and therefore its and therefore it is important to understand their flow depends only on rainfall in its upper catchment. The environmental significance. Water quality attributes are mean annual rainfall in the Swarnamukhi Basin decreases classified as physical, chemical and biological nature. from 1270 mm at the eastern extremity of the basin to The quality of water is judged by authentic standards. 762 mm at the western extremity. The north-east There are standards of drinking water quality but needing monsoon sets in the month of October and draws back review under following reasons. World Health before November. The average maximum air temperature in the catchment fluctuates from 30 °C to 32 °C and least Organization (WHO) has recommended guideline values between 22.5 °C and 25 °C. Nevertheless, the streams are for drinking water for developing countries, which are also struck by the tidal cycles, by the action of waves, the taken as base for formulating the local values. The shore line geography and by the presence of different department of rural water supply of GOI (Rajeev Gandhi water masses, assuming predominantly a SW–NE National Drinking Water Mission) has recommended direction 1173 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue samples are collected. 20 samples are collected from tirupati and surroundings. Fig.3. Overall view of sample location Fig. 1. Locating of study area 5. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION The Groundwater of the study area is used for domestic and other purposes. the concentration various parameters present in the groundwater samples from which the quality of groundwater can be understood, as it is compared with the acceptable limit. Each ground and surface water has its own chemical character and signatures produced as a result of the meteoric water recharging the system and surrounding environment. It depends of several factors, such as interaction with solid phases, residence time of groundwater with pockets of saline water and anthropogenic impacts and domestic and commercial activity around the water bodies. The concentration of Cl− in the groundwater samples ranged between 519.84 mg L−1 to 5318.35 mg L −1 . High Cl− content of groundwater is likely to originate from pollution sources such as domestic effluents, fertilizers, and septic tanks. Increase in Cl− level is injurious to people suffering from diseases of heart or kidney. Show’s Fig.2 Pointing out the sample locations in the the concentration of EC and TDS for the samples. High study area value of EC indicates that there is some organic pollution. The high value of TDS can be attributed to the effect of 4. SAMPLINIG LOCATIONS leachate from the dumpsite, which contains high Water samples are collected from different locations of concentration of dissolved salt to the groundwater. tirupati and surroundings. Both surface and ground water 1174 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Table . 1. Sample reference no. and the name of the sample location SL.NO SAMPLE NO SAMPLE LOCATION 01 SW1 IYHEPALLI 02 SW2 THONDAVADA 03 SW3 PERUR 04 SW4 DAMINEDU 05 SW5 CHENNAYAGUNTA 06 SW6 TOYOTA SHOW ROOM 07 SW7 THUKIVAKKAM 08 SW8 KORRAMENUGUNTA 09 SW9 SETTIPALLI 10 SW1O YERRAM REDDY PALEM Table .2. Test result for chemical characters sample 1 CHLO ALKA SILIC PH E.C P TH Ca A ALL LOCATION -RIDE NILITY ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm 1 IYHEPALLI 8.4 608.5 7.1 4.3 0.6886 0.0694 7.O 6.4 2 THONDAVADA 7.6 857.7 19.9 8.5 0.6523 0.0111 12.5 10.9 3 PERUR 7.0 619.6 29.3 12.7 0.7894 0.0638 20.2 17.6 4 DAMINEDU 6.4 734.3 37.4 18.8 0.6352 0.0297 28.8 22.9 5 CHENNAYAGUNTA 6.66 1.05 6.7 24.1 0.7536 0.0083 32.6 29 TOYOTA SHOW 6 6.79 1.529 13.6 37.9 0.713 0.0107 37.9 36.7 ROOM 7 THUKIVAKKAM 6.89 993.1 22 32.7 0.6633 0.0233 8.1 9 8 KORRAMENUGUNTA 7.5 1.236 25.8 35.9 0.5675 0.0333 17.3 8.6 9 SETTIPALLI 7.1 1.043 33.6 42 0.4785 0.077 24.8 14.4 YERRAM REDDY 10 7.7 1.167 39 47.9 0.4975 0.045 37 27.8 PALEM 1175 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Table .2. Test result for chemical characters sample 2 CHL ALKA PH E.C P SILICA TH Ca ALL LOCATION ORIDE NILITY ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm 1 IYHEPALLI 8.8 1.447ms 4.1 6.8 0.5886 0.0794 7.O 4.4 2 THONDAVADA 7.58 932.3µs 11.6 8.5 0.4523 0.0111 16.5 9.4 3 PERUR 6.9 1.161ms 17.3 13.9 0.6894 0.0638 23.3 13.2 4 DAMINEDU 6.57 700.7µs 24.1 18.8 0.7352 0.0297 38.8 22.5 5 CHENNAYAGUNTA 6.67 441,8µs 29.8 23.1 0.5536 0.0483 9.5 28.9 6 TOYOTA SHOW ROOM 6.63 568.6µs 33.2 27.9 0.713 0.0507 14.8 35.1 7 THUKIVAKKAM 6.89 520.2µs 37 34.7 0.3633 0.0233 22 38.9 8 KORRAMENUGUNTA 7.2 602.7µs 7 37.9 0.5675 0.0533 27.4 6.6 9 SETTIPALLI 7.7 246.2µs 13.4 40 0.4785 0.0978 30.2 13.6 YERRAM REDDY 10 7.3 1.115µs 21 45.5 0.5975 0.0456 39 28.9 PALEM 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 Series1 Series1 20 20 Series2 Series2 Series3 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fig.1. Result of PH value for sample 1and 2 at Fig.2.