DIRECTORY.] CORNWALL. ST. AUSTELL. .23 the ports of export being chiefly Par, Fowey, Charles- aries of' the parish, about a mile distant from each either, town and N ewquay. T.he principal firms are MessTs. and on the highest land in the parish, are two large Lovering, of St. Austell and St. Blazey; The West of barrows, called "Cock's Barrow" and "Hen's Barrow," England China Stone and Clay Co. of St. Austell and St. the latter, I,034 feet above the sea level, being also Stephens; Messrs. Philip Wheele·r and Co. and J. W. known as "The Archbeacon of Cornwall"; from the Higman and Co. of St. Aust~ll; Messrs. Knight, St. top of these, on a clear day, the whole county of Corn­ Blazey; Messrs. Thriscutt and Bale, of Candle. Down; wall can be readily viewed. The Lower Lansalson Clay Co. ; The Single Rose China The suburban residences and gentlemen's seats in­ Clay Co. The Wheal Anna Clay Co.; Messrs. Joseph elude :-Penrice, the residence of Capt. Sir Charles John Roger;; and· C(). of St. Austell and Ne·wquay; Messrs. Graves-Sawle bart. M.V.O., R.N., J.P.; Porrthpean House, Stoeker, of St. Austell and St. Stephens; Messrs. Hoylo of Mrs. Pethe•rick; Duporth, of Henry Hodge esq. R.N., and Co. ·of Ruddle; Messrs. Royce and ·Co. of Kerrow and J.P.; Trenarren, of Lieut.-Col. Arthur S. Hext J.P.; The North Goon barrow Clay Uo.: about 6oo,ooo tons of Moor Cottage, of Richard Carlyon Goode esq. J .P.; Pond­ this clay are annually exported to the Potteries and into dhu, of Misses Coode; Trewhiddle, of Daniel Henry Lancashire, whe.re it is largely used in the calico weaving Shilson esq. ; .Polca:rne, of Mrs. John Coode; Treva.rna, of districts of Black burn and otheT cotton towns, the ohina Mrs. William Coo de; Po'lkyth, of Edmund Carlyon esq. ; clay being the principal ingredient in the sizing with which Trelawny, of T. Medland St()cker esq. The Brake, of the cloth is heavily loaded; it is also used in chemical Walte·r Hicks esq.; Trevarthian, of Arthur Coode esq. works: the chief districts in Cornwall yielding china J.P.; and North Hill, of Mrs. Veale. clay are St. Austell, Blisland and Penzance, and it is Capt. Sir C. J. Graves-Sawle hart. is lord of the manor also found at Lee Moor, in Devon; besides these, no of Tewington. .·, other localities are at present known producing china The principal landowners are H.R.H. the Prince of clay and stone of such excellent quality and in such Wales, Duke of Cornwall and York K.G.; the Earl of abundance. These mineral substances were first dis- Mount Edgcumbe P.C., G.C.V.O., L.L.; Sir Charles covered in Cornwall in I763, and about this time Josiah J. Graves-Sawle bart.; Arthur Spry Gwavas Carlyon esq. Wedgwood, the great English potter,· in conjuncti.:>n of TJ>egrehan; John Cla.ude Lewis Tremayne esq. of with a Mr. Carthew, became lessee of certain china Heligan; Henry Edward Lambe esq.; Richard Carlyon mines near St. Austell, and the manufacture of porcelain Coode esq. J.P. John Edward Veale esq. J.P.; the Misses from this clay, skilfully superintended by Wedgwood, La.kes ; F'ranci&. Layland-Barratt esq. M.P. of . Tregarne was highly successful. The peculiar nature of the Lodge, and Mrs.' Johnstone, of Txewithen, Prabus. mine~al. seems as yet to be but partially understood, The area of St. AusteH Ul'ban pari,sh· is 195 acre.S; b~ It IS supposed to be. the ~esult. of. an unhealthy or ratea.ble value~ £15,473; the population in 1891 was dise~sed st~te of th_e soil, bemg, I~ Its first state, a 3,477, and in Igo1 was 3,340, including I2 officials and greyish-lookmg plastiC clay, formed m compact masses I1 33 inmat-es in the workhous·e. immediately beneath the surface soil, by the disintegra- . tion of the felspar and fine· white granite, common to ST. AUSTELL RURAL. pansh 1s very extensive, in- these localities; it has an unctuous, greasy feel, and eluding the ecclesiastical parishes ,of TREVERBYN and in some. cases shows the -crystalline structure of the CHARLES'110WN, formed in I846 out of portions of the felspar. The clay is mixed with water, and while held east (Charlestown) and north (Treverbyn) of St. Austell, in suspension is. pumped . up and passed over a very both of which will be found under separate headings. slight in~line,_ d~positing in its _pass~ge all h_eavy ~atter, The area. of St. Au.stell Rural parish is u,942 acres of after wh1ch It 1s further punfied m washmg pits and land, 76 of inland and 5 of tidal wate~" and I87 ·of fore­ dried ready for nse. The men employed in this industry shore; rateable value,. £s6,I27; the population in I901 earn good wages and work short hours, the average was 8,616. working day being 8 hours only; and but few young . persons employed. :'10UNT CHARLES, a suburb of St. Aust~ll, hes 1 Carclaze mine or works· are 2 miles north of the town mde east of the t()wn, and has· a Free Methodist chapel, at an altitude of 665 feet. ·From the summit of thi~ built in. I865; Wesle!a~, built in I8'73; and a Primitive rising ground the mine is sunk to the depth of 150 feet, Method1st chapel, bmlt m I858-9. open, and somewhat in the shape of an enormous basin, Post &; M. 0. 0 .• S. B. & Annuity & In~urance Office. the_ surface of which me.asure~ ~pwards of 15 acres, with -Mrs. Emma Carveth, sun-postmistress. ' Letters . a Circumference of 2 miles; 1t lS supposed _to have been through St. Austell dispatched at 6.5, 8 & 10.40 a. m. & work_ed for D?ore than 400 years, and .until about I~5I I, S·S• 6.5 & 8.s p.m.; sunday, dispatched at 6.5 for tm exclus1vely, but now produces chma clay (Kaolm), . a.m. St. Austell 1 mile distant is the nearest of which an iD?mense 9.uantity is washed from. the de- telegraph office ' ' composed gramte formmg the strata ()f the mme. Wa:I Letter Box Union road Mount Charles ·cleared at The Trenance Flour Mills are worked by Hitchins S p.m. week days only ' ' Br~~ee::·is an extensive steam brewery, erected in Ifl93 P~RT~PE..!.N, a~out 2 ~iles south-east of St. Aust~ll by Mr. w. Hicks. station, 1s a chaTmmg seas1de reso~, much fre~uented m Near Trethowel House, on lands foTmerly part of Mena- the summ~r mont'hs as a safe boatmg ~nd bathmg place. cuddle Wood and about half a mile north of the town St. Levan s chapel of ease, . erected m 1885 by Lady is an ancient baptistery br well chapel, close to which 9'raves-Sa:vle, of Penrice, at a. cost of £I,ooo, is a bu~d­ was formerly a chapel attached to the priory of Tyward- mg of native ~lvan, a~d. consists of chancel, nave, a1sle rP.ath, but abolished in the reign of Henry VIII. ; the and ves~ry, With S? sittm~s. last incumbent, in the succeeding reign, received a The chmate of th1s place IS smgularly mild, and almost pension of £s a year; the existing building, much over- equa~ to. that of the south of Fran~e. Snow seldom falls grown and surrounded with trees, is an Early Gothic and lCe IS very rarely ~een; there IS generally a plt-a>:ant structure, ;r 1 feet in length, by 9 wide and II feet high ; b~eeze from . t.he sea m the summer months, and the there are two entrances, each consil'ting of a pointed wmter here IS never severe. arch, on clustered shafts, opposite each other, one on Port~pean House: the res1dence of. George Tallack the north and the other on the south side, and respec- Pethenck esq. J.P. 1s very pleasantly situated and over­ tively S feet 2 inches and 2 feet 9 inches in height; at looks the whole of St. Austell bay. the west end is a small window; the spring, rising at the Post Office.- John Lowday, sub-postmaster. Letters east end, flows into a divided basin of granite; adjoining arrive from St. Austell at 7· 10 a. m. & 3·IS p.m.; dis- this baptistery is the Chapel Main, said to be an ancient patched at 10.3S a.m. & s p.m.-; no delivery on sundays. burial place; a similar well exists at Towan, in this Charles town is the nearest money orderr & telPgraph parish. On the extreme north and north-west bound- office, 2 miles distant OFFICIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS &c. Post, M. 0. & T. 0., T. M. 0., E. D., P. P., S. B. Outward Mails. Government A. & I. & Telephone Call Office~-I. G. Letters.--'Falmouth, Penzance, T.ruro &c. (night), 4.40. Marsh, postmru;ter a.m. ; St. Austell (rural deliveries) & first town de­ Hours of Attendance.-For sale of stamps, registration livery, 6.40 a.m.; London (day) & Bristol, 8. a.m. ;. of letters &c. week days, from 7 a.m. tn 8. IS p.m. ; sun­ Pa'r Station, Newquay & St. Columb, 9.30 a.m. (extra. days, 7 to 10 a.m. Sale & payment of postal otc!ers, !d. stamp, 9·35); Falmouth, Penzance, Truro &c. rr week days, 7 a.