TimelineTimeline of Key Events, of Key 1911-1922 Events, 1911-1922 387 Timeline of Key Events, 1911-1922 1911: 30 March 1911: Giovanni Giolitti (Liberal) becomes prime minister for the fourth time 1 July 1911: Agadir Crisis (or Second Moroccan Crisis) begins 19 September 1911: Italian mobilisation declared 28 September 1911: Italian delivers ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire 29 September 1911: War declared; naval hostilities between Italy and the Ottoman Empire begin 5 October 1911: Italian landing at Tripoli 19 October 1911: Italian occupation of Benghazi 23 October 1911: Ottoman-Arab attack at Sciara Sciat 5 November 1911: Libya formally annexed by Italian government decree 1912: 17 April 1912: Italian offensive in the Aegean begins 4 May 1912: Italian landing at Rhodes 18 October 1912: Italy and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Lausanne (also known as Treaty of Ouchy) 1913: 26 October 1913: national elections appoint the XXIV legislature; first to be held with universal male suffrage 1914: 21 March 1914: Antonio Salandra (Historical Right) replaces Giolitti as prime minister 1 July 1914: death of General Alberto Pollio, chief of Italian general staff since 1908 27 July 1914: General Luigi Cadorna appointed new chief of Italian general staff 3 August 1914: Italy announces its neutrality in the European war 15 September 1914: first futurist demonstration in support of intervention 11 October 1914: General Vittorio Zuppelli appointed as minister of war 1915: 26 April 1915: Italy signs the Pact of London with France and Britain, agreeing terms for entry to the war 3 May 1915: Italy publically denounces the Triple Alliance 23 May 1915: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary 24 May 1915: Austria-Hungary bombards Italian coastal cities; Italian troops cross the border in Austrian territory © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004363724_021 388 Timeline Of Key Events, 1911-1922 23 June- 7 July 1915: First Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso, at Podgora and Oslavia, and around Tolmino 18 July-3 August 1915: Second Battle of the Isonzo or Battle of San Michele – Italian offen- sive at San Michele, Monte Nero and Monte Rosso 21 August 1915: Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire 18 October 1915-4 November 1915: Third Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive at Oslavia, Podgora and Monte San Michele 19 October 1915: Italy declares war on Bulgaria 10 November-5 December: Fourth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive at Monte Sei Busi, Monte San Michele and Oslavia 1 December 1915: First Italian troops disembark at Valona (Vlorë) and begin their Albanian Campaign 1916: 9-15 March 1916: Fifth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso, at Podgora and Monte San Michele 4 April 1916: General Paolo Morrone replaces Zupelli as minister of war 5 April 1916: Italian participation in the evacuation of Serb forces from Albania is com- pleted; Italian expeditionary force remains in Valona 15 May-27 June 1916: Battle of Asiago or Strafexepedition – Austrian offensive on the Asiago plateau 18 June 1916: Paolo Boselli (Historical Right) replaces Salandra as prime minister 29 June 1916: Austrian forces make the first use of gas on the Italian front 4-17 August 1916: Sixth Battle of the Isonzo or Battle of Gorizia – Italian conquest of Gorizia, attacks on Carso at Doberdò 27 August 1916: Italy declares war on Germany 14-18 September 1916: Seventh Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso 10-12 October 1916: Eighth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso, at Doberdò 31 October-4 November 1916: Ninth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso 21 November 1916: Death of Austrian Emperor Franz Josef 1917: 29 April 1917: foundation of ANMIG (Associazione Nazionale per i Mutilati e Invalidi di Guerra) 12 May-5 June 1917: Tenth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian offensive on the Carso around Monfalcone and Monte Hermada 10-29 June 1917: Battle of Ortigara – Italian offensive led by Alpini on the Asiago pla- teau, recapture of many areas lost in the Strafexpedition 16 June 1917: General Gaetano Giardino replaces Morrone as minister of war.