Ubuntu Server Guide Ubuntu Server Guide Copyright © 2012 Contributors to the document Abstract Welcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide! It contains information on how to install and configure various server applications on your Ubuntu system to fit your needs. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system. Credits and License This document is maintained by the Ubuntu documentation team (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). A list of contributors is below. This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 3.0 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER. A copy of the license is available here: Creative Commons ShareAlike License1. Contributors to this document are: • Members of the Ubuntu Documentation Project2 • Members of the Ubuntu Server Team3 • Contributors to the Ubuntu Documentation Wiki4 • Other contributors can be found in the revision history of the serverguide5 and ubuntu-docs6 bzr branches available on Launchpad. 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ 2 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc 3 https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-server 4 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ 5 https://code.launchpad.net/serverguide 6 https://code.launchpad.net/ubuntu-docs Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Support .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Installation ............................................................................................................................. 3 1. Preparing to Install ......................................................................................................... 4 2. Installing from CD ......................................................................................................... 6 3. Upgrading ...................................................................................................................... 9 4. Advanced Installation ................................................................................................... 10 5. Kernel Crash Dump ...................................................................................................... 17 3. Package Management ........................................................................................................... 20 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 21 2. dpkg ............................................................................................................................ 22 3. Apt-Get ........................................................................................................................ 23 4. Aptitude ....................................................................................................................... 25 5. Automatic Updates ....................................................................................................... 27 6. Configuration ............................................................................................................... 29 7. References ................................................................................................................... 31 4. Networking .......................................................................................................................... 32 1. Network Configuration ................................................................................................. 33 2. TCP/IP ......................................................................................................................... 42 3. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) .............................................................. 46 4. Time Synchronisation with NTP ................................................................................... 49 5. DM-Multipath ...................................................................................................................... 51 1. Device Mapper Multipathing ........................................................................................ 52 2. Multipath Devices ........................................................................................................ 55 3. Setting up DM-Multipath Overview .............................................................................. 58 4. The DM-Multipath Configuration File ........................................................................... 62 5. DM-Multipath Administration and Troubleshooting ........................................................ 74 6. Remote Administration ......................................................................................................... 79 1. OpenSSH Server .......................................................................................................... 80 2. Puppet ......................................................................................................................... 83 3. Zentyal ........................................................................................................................ 86 7. Network Authentication ........................................................................................................ 90 1. OpenLDAP Server ....................................................................................................... 91 2. Samba and LDAP ....................................................................................................... 117 3. Kerberos .................................................................................................................... 124 4. Kerberos and LDAP ................................................................................................... 132 8. Domain Name Service (DNS) ............................................................................................. 139 1. Installation ................................................................................................................. 140 2. Configuration ............................................................................................................. 141 3. Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 147 iii Ubuntu Server Guide 4. References ................................................................................................................. 151 9. Security ............................................................................................................................. 152 1. User Management ....................................................................................................... 153 2. Console Security ........................................................................................................ 159 3. Firewall ...................................................................................................................... 160 4. AppArmor .................................................................................................................. 167 5. Certificates ................................................................................................................. 171 6. eCryptfs ..................................................................................................................... 176 10. Monitoring ....................................................................................................................... 178 1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 179 2. Nagios ....................................................................................................................... 180 3. Munin ........................................................................................................................ 184 11. Web Servers ..................................................................................................................... 186 1. HTTPD - Apache2 Web Server ................................................................................... 187 2. PHP5 - Scripting Language ......................................................................................... 195 3. Squid - Proxy Server .................................................................................................. 197 4. Ruby on Rails ............................................................................................................ 199 5. Apache Tomcat .......................................................................................................... 201 12. Databases ......................................................................................................................... 205 1. MySQL ...................................................................................................................... 206 2. PostgreSQL ...............................................................................................................