UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ABBREVIATED AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD REPORT MQ-9A, T/N 10-4098 27TH SPECIAL OPERATIONS WING CANNON AIR FORCE BASE, NEW MEXICO LOCATION: UNDISCLOSED LOCATION DATE OF ACCIDENT: 3 SEPTEMBER 2018 BOARD PRESIDENT: LIEUTENANT COLONEL RYAN S. KENNEDY Conducted In Accordance with Chapter 12 of Air Force Instruction 51-307, Aerospace and Ground Accident Investigations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ABBREVIATED AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION MQ-9A, T/N 10-4098 UNDISCLOSED LOCATION 3 September 2018 On 3 September 2018, at 0449 Zulu (Z) time, an MQ-9A, Tail Number (T/N) 10-4098, departed the runway at an undisclosed location and crashed on landing. The Mishap Aircraft (MA) was assigned to the 27th Special Operations Wing (SOW) at Cannon Air Force Base (AFB), New Mexico, and was flown by a Launch and Recovery Element (LRE) crew deployed to the undisclosed location from the 489th Attack Squadron (ATKS), 432nd Operations Group, 432nd Wing, Creech Air Force Base, Nevada. The Mishap Crew (MC) received an “Engine – metal detected” red warning 10 minutes after takeoff, turned back towards the field and established an orbit to begin fuel dumping. Nine minutes later the engine oil pressure exceeded the limit of 126 pounds per square inch (psi) and the MC received a red warning. Per Aeronautical Systems Incorporated ASI-11114, Flight Manual, the MC elected to make an immediate straight-in landing using engine out procedures due to the possibility of catastrophic engine failure. Upon touchdown the propeller failed to go into reverse and the MA departed the prepared surface; according to Aeronautical Systems Incorporated ASI-11114, Flight Manual, the MQ-9A relies primarily on reverse thrust to slow and stop the aircraft upon landing. After departing the runway, the MA caught fire and was destroyed with all modifications and four missiles. The resulting loss was valued at $12,726,187. There were no fatalities or damage to private property. The Abbreviated Accident Investigation Board President found, by the preponderance of the evidence, the cause of the mishap to be the design of the engine. Further, the Board President found, by the preponderance of the evidence, the delay between engine Spectrometer Oil Analysis Program (SOAP) samples being taken and analyzed, as well as the design of the MQ-9A brake system, to be substantially contributing factors. Under 10 U.S.C. § 2254(d) the opinion of the accident investigator as to the cause of, or the factors contributing to, the accident set forth in the accident investigation report, if any, may not be considered as evidence in any civil or criminal proceeding arising from the accident, nor may such information be considered an admission of liability of the United States or by any person referred to in those conclusions or statements. SUMMARY OF FACTS AND STATEMENT OF OPINION MQ-9A, T/N 10-4098 3 September 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... iii SUMMARY OF FACTS ................................................................................................................ 2 1. AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE .......................................................................................... 2 a. Authority ........................................................................................................................ 2 b. Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 2 2. ACCIDENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 2 3. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 3 a. Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) ....................................................... 3 b. 27th Special Operations Wing (27 SOW) ..................................................................... 3 c. 489th Attack Squadron (439 ATKS)...............................................................................3 d. MQ-9A Reaper ............................................................................................................... 3 4. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS .................................................................................................. 4 a. Mission ........................................................................................................................... 4 b. Planning ......................................................................................................................... 5 c. Preflight .......................................................................................................................... 5 d. Summary of Accident .................................................................................................... 5 e. Impact ............................................................................................................................. 5 f. Egress and Aircrew Flight Equipment (AFE) ................................................................ 6 g. Search and Rescue (SAR) .............................................................................................. 6 h. Recovery of Remains ..................................................................................................... 6 5. MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................ 6 a. Forms Review ................................................................................................................ 7 b. Inspections ..................................................................................................................... 6 c. Maintenance Procedures ................................................................................................ 6 d. Maintenance Personnel and Supervision ....................................................................... 7 e. Fuel, Hydraulic, Oil, and Oxygen Inspection Analyses ................................................. 7 f. Unscheduled Maintenance .............................................................................................. 7 6. AIRFRAME, MISSILE, OR SPACE VEHICLE SYSTEMS ............................................. 7 a. Structures and Systems ................................................................................................. 7 b. Evaluation and Analysis from General Atomics .......................................................... 7 7. WEATHER .......................................................................................................................... 7 a. Forecast Weather ............................................................................................................ 7 b. Observed Weather .......................................................................................................... 7 c. Space Environment ........................................................................................................ 8 d. Operations ...................................................................................................................... 8 8. CREW QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................................ 8 a. Mishap Pilot (MP) .......................................................................................................... 8 b. Mishap Sensor Operator (MSO) .................................................................................... 8 MQ-9A Reaper, T/N 10-4098, 3 September 2018 i 9. MEDICAL .......................................................................................................................... 8 a. Qualifications ................................................................................................................. 8 b. Health ............................................................................................................................. 9 c. Pathology ........................................................................................................................ 9 d. Lifestyle ......................................................................................................................... 9 e. Crew Rest and Crew Duty Time .................................................................................... 9 10. OPERATIONS AND SUPERVISION .............................................................................. 9 11. HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 9 12. GOVERNING DIRECTIVES AND PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 9 a. Publically Available Directives and Publications Relevant to the Mishap .................... 9 b. Other Directives and Publications Relevant to the Mishap ......................................... 10 c. Known or Suspected Deviations from Directives or Publications ............................... 10 STATEMENT OF OPINION ....................................................................................................... 11 1. Opinion Summary .............................................................................................................. 11 2. Cause .................................................................................................................................. 11 a. Engine Design..............................................................................................................11