THE RESEARCH OF LEGAL SYSTEM OF MALAYSIA AND LEGAL INFORMATION RELATED TO SOCIETY, CULTURE, POLITICS AND SECURITY IN MALAYSIA SPONSORED BY OFFICE OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE OF THAILAND CONDUCTED BY BURAPHA UNIVERSITY 1 AUGUST 2018 (1) Preface This research is conducted under the consulting agreement in accordance with the project to create legal database of other members of ASEAN under the title of “Laws of Malaysia and Laws relating to Society, Culture, Politics and Security of Malaysia” (Contract No. 95/2558). The Foreign Law Office was assigned to carry out the ASEAN legal database project collecting and developing legal information of ASEAN Member States for the benefit of Thai entrepreneurs and Thai businessmen who aim to run the trading business and expanding investment to member countries. In the fiscal year 2013 and 2014, the Foreign Law Office has hired consultants to provide information on trade and investment law in ASEAN Economic Community; namely, Cambodia, Thailand, Brunei, Myanmar, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Singapore and Indonesia. In order to make the ASEAN legal database complete and covering all the three communities under the ASEAN Community, the Foreign Law Office hired consultants to study and accumulate legal information related to the social and cultural community and the political and security community of ASEAN. Thus, one of the six selected countries is Malaysia. The research consists of 3 chapters. The Chapter 1 illustrates an overview of the social and cultural aspects of Malaysia. The Chapter 2 shows the political and security overview of Malaysia. Last, the Chapter 3 address the laws on society, culture, politics and security. In the last chapter, the content consists of laws related to the social and cultural community and the political and security community of Malaysia which includes education law, labour laws, public health law, social welfare, laws concerning the promotion of science, technology and communication, environmental law, law on promotion and preservation of culture and way of life, laws on bureaucracy enhancement, law on government proceedings, laws on public order and security control and laws on anti-corruption. (2) Table of Contents Chapter Page 1. An Overview of Malaysian Society and Culture ........................................... 1 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 General Information of Malaysia ........................................... 1 1.1.2 Overview of Malaysian History............................................... 1 1.1.3 Overview of Society and Culture .......................................... 3 1.1.4 Overview of Politics ................................................................. 4 1.2 Social and Cultural Policy .................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Bumiputera or Son of Soil Policy, 1969 ............................... 5 1.2.2 New Economic Policy, 1970 .................................................. 7 1.2.3 National Cutural Policy, 1971 ................................................ 10 1.2.4 1 Malaysia Policy, 2012 .......................................................... 11 1.2.5 National Policy on Women and Women’s Development Action Plan, 2009 ........................................... 13 1.3 International Agreements on Social and culture Made with other Countries or International Organizations ........................................... 14 1.3.1 Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Sultural Materials, 1959 .................................................. 14 1.3.2 International Convention against Apartheid in Sport, 1986 ............................................................................................. 15 1.3.3 Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Discrimination against Women, 1995 .................................... 16 1.3.4 Convention on the Nationality of Married Women, 1959 18 1.3.5 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration, 2012 .............................. 19 2. An Overview of the Politics and the Security of the Malaysia ................. 22 2.1 An overview of the politic and the security ..................................... 22 2.1.1 The Political and Administrative Structure of Malaysia .... 22 A. The Monarchy System and the State Ruler in Malaysia ..................................................................................... 24 (3) (1) The King of Malaysia (Yang Dipertuan Agong) ......... 25 (2) State Ruler ..................................................................... 25 (3) Royal Ruler Council (Majlis Raja - Raja) .................... 25 B. Institutions Exercizing Legislative Power ......................... 25 (1) National Legislative Institutions ................................. 26 (2) State-Level Legislative Institution ............................. 27 C. Institutions Exercizing Executive Power .......................... 27 D. Institutions Exercizing Judicial Power .............................. 28 E. Major Political Parties in Malaysia .................................... 28 (1) Political Parties Supporting the Malayu Muslim ..... 29 (2) Political Parties Supporting the Malaysian Chinese 29 (3) Political Parties Supporting the Malaysian Indian .. 29 2.1.2 Islam Hadhari: Civilizational or Progressive Islam .............. 29 2.1.3 Racial Conflict Riot in 1969 and Internal Security Act ...... 31 A. Racial Conflict Riot in 1969 ............................................... 31 B. Internal Security Act, 1960 ................................................ 33 2.1.4 Project IC: Identity Card, 2001 ............................................... 35 2.1.5 Bureaucratic Reform Project, 2010 ....................................... 37 2.2 International Agreements on Political and Security Agreed with other Countries or International Organization ................................. 38 2.2.1 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 ........................................................ 38 2.2.2 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 ................................................................................ 39 2.2.3 ASEAN Declaration, 1967 ........................................................ 40 2.2.4 ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism, 2007 .......................... 41 3. Law on Society, Culture, Politics and Security ............................................. 44 3.1 Education Law ........................................................................................ 44 3.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 44 3.1.2 Relevant Legislations ............................................................... 59 3.1.3 Governmental Authority ......................................................... 61 (4) 3.2 Labour Law ............................................................................................. 65 3.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 65 3.2.2 Relevant Legislations ............................................................... 66 3.2.3 Governmental Authority ......................................................... 78 3.3 Public Health Law .................................................................................. 81 3.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 81 3.3.2 Relevant Legislations ............................................................... 83 3.3.3 Governmental Authority ......................................................... 113 3.4 Social Welfare Law ................................................................................ 118 3.4.1 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of Children ...................... 120 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 120 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 122 3.4.2 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of People with Disabilities 126 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 126 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 127 3.4.3 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of Destitute Persons ...... 128 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 128 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 128 3.4.4 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of Older Persons ............ 130 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 130 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 130 3.4.5 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of Women and Family .. 131 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 131 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 133 3.4.6 Laws Relating to Social Welfare of Disaster Victims.......... 134 (1) Introduction ........................................................................ 134 (2) Relevant Legislations ........................................................ 135 3.4.7 Governmental Authority........................................................... 136 3.5 Law on Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication ... 149 3.5.1 Introduction ..............................................................................