Joint Inspection Team (JIT) Report of National Horticulture Mission Scheme For Uttar Pradesh State State: Uttar Pradesh 1 INDEX Sl.No Topic Page No. 1. General Observations 3 2. State:Uttar Pradesh -Introduction 4 3. Field Visits (i) Visit to Allahabad District 6 (ii) Visit to Kaushambi District 20 (iii) Visit to Varanasi District 39 (iv) Visit to Lucknow District 51 Dates of Visit:- 02.9.13 to 06.9.13 Team Members: 1. Dr. H.V.L Bathla, Chief Consultant (NHM), MoA, GoI, New Delhi. 2. Dr. A.K. Dubey, Professor CSAUA&T Kanpur. 3. Dr. Bhagwan Deen, Associate Professor NDUA&T Faizabad, 2 General Observations: There is delay in supply of planting material particularly tissue culture banana saplings to the farmers. Timely supply of planting material need to be ensured to the farmers because delayed planting of banana adversely affects the productivity as younger plants are more susceptible to frost. The infrastructure facilities like laboratories, equipments, net houses, poly houses etc created with the support of NHM at Banaras Hindu University and Horticulture Department of the State Government should be used for the benefit of the farmers also. Field visits and interaction of JIT with farmers revealed that farmers have not been advised properly by grass root level technical staffs accountable for execution of NHM. Rather than area expansion, emphasis should be given on rejuvenation of senile orchards, post harvest management, mechanization, establishment of processing units and plant nurseries. There is an immediate need to intensify the guava canopy management programme in Banaras and Allahabad districts. The benefits have been repeated either to the same farmers or to the members of same family. This deprives the other needy farmers from getting benefit under National programmes. The same farmers /family should not be selected again and again under the NHM, RKVY, and NVI etc. The new vegetable varieties released by the Universities should be provided to the vegetable growers. The Horticultural functionaries should be well trained about activities like plantation, sanitation and rejuvenation of orchard by inviting resource persons from Universities/Institutes. The Poly and Net Houses should be immediately taken up in use for preparation of high value sapling of fruit and vegetable nurseries. Under mechanization programme the name of the scheme should be well written on both sides of bonnet of the Tractor and implements provided under NHM. 3 State:Uttar Pradesh INTRODUCTION: Uttar Pradesh is the fifth largest State in the country in terms of area and first in terms of population. The State is bounded by Nepal on the north, Uttrakhand on the north- east, Himachal Pradesh on the northwest, Haryana on the west, Rajasthan on the south-west, Madhya Pradesh on the south and southwest and Bihar on the east. It spreads over a large area, and the plains of the State are quite different from the high mountains in the north. State is blessed with rich climatic condition, ideal for growing a large variety of horticultural crops. The sector which includes fruits, vegetable, floriculture, plantation crops, spices & medicinal and aromatic plants, has gained importance in term of enhancing income per unit area, providing nutritional security , source of raw materials for many food processing industries, earning considerable amount of foreign exchange leading to socio-economic improvement of the people of the State. Uttar Pradesh ranks third in fruit production among all States. Major fruit grown are Mango, Guava, Banana, and Litchi. The State is leading in mango production and the prime growing areas for mango are Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnaur, Meerut, Lucknow, Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur and Hardoi. The overall productivity of fruits in the State is about 12.30 tons / ha. against national average of 11.9 tons / ha. The area, production & productivity of non perennial fruits registered continuous upward trend in the post NHM period while downward trend in case of perennial fruits. The State ranks second in vegetable production among all States. Major vegetables are Potato, Peas & Cabbage.It is a leading Stat e in production of Potato & Peas and ranks second in production of Sweet Potato and 6th in production of cabbage among all the States. The productivity of vegetables in the state is 18.89 tons / ha against national average of 13.9 tons / ha. The continuous upward trend with respect to area, production & productivity of loose as well as cut flower has been ascertained during post NHM period .The important spices produced in the State are Onion (6th among States) Turmeric, Chili, Garlic, Fennel, Fenugreek and Coriander. The area under spices crop is 0.78 lakh hectare and productivity is 0.1 MT/ha. The programme is being implemented in the State of Uttar Pradesh by the State Horticulture Development Society through District Mission Committees involving farmers, Societies, NGOs, Grower Associations, SHGs, State institutions etc. The programme is being implemented in 45 districts with cluster approach. The crops identified under the programme include Mango, Litchi, Guava, Aonla, Bael, Ber, Banana, Betel vine, Spices, Aromatic Plants, Medicinal plants and flowers. Activities undertaken in the project are production and distribution of planting material ( model nursery, small nursery, tissue culture units), area expansion (through establishment of new gardens), rejuvenation of existing gardens, production of vegetable seed, seed infrastructure, protected 4 cultivation, IPM/INM, organic farming, bee keeping, integrated development of Mushroom, development of marketing infrastructure (modern and terminal markets, rural markets, flower markets, functional infrastructure etc), Post Harvest Management( pack houses, multi chamber cold storages, C A storages, refrigerated vans, mobile processing units etc), Human Resource Development and Mission Management. Geography and Climate: The climatic condition of U.P. varies from temperate to tropical with alluvial and clayey alluvial soils. The soil of terai region is mostly alluvial and clayey alluvial and contains sufficient quantity of carbonic materials with the average annual rainfall of this zone 115mm. Western Plain Region is very fertile region and the soil type is mostly sandy and clayey. The average annual rainfall of this zone is 700-100mm. The soils of Central Western Zone are clayey alluvial, alluvial, sandy alluvial and sandy types. The average annual rainfall of this zone is 600-965 mm. The soil of South-Western Zone is mostly of sandy, sandy alluvial, alluvial and clayey alluvial type. Some are also has saline and sodic soils. The average annual rainfall of this zone is 75mm. Major area of Central Plain Zone is covered by saline and sodic soils. Beside this, alluvial sandy, alluvial clayey and alluvial types are also found. The average annual rainfall is 850-90mm.The soil of Bundelkhand Zone is mostly rocky. The average annual rainfall is 800-100mm. The average annual rainfall in North-Eastern Plain Zone is 1000- 120mm.Major soil types of Eastern Plain region are sandy alluvial, clayey and sodic soil. The average annual rainfall is 1000-120mm. Maximum and minimum temperature range is between 40-420C and 40C. In Vindhya Region Zone, soils of plain are light black clay and red alluvial. The average annual rainfall of this zone is 110mm. Maximum and minimum temperature ranges between 40-490C and 30C. The climate of Uttar Pradesh can also vary widely, with temperature as high as 47oC in summer, and as low as -1oC in winter. Seasons: 1. Summer (March-June): Hot & dry (temperature rise to 45oC, sometimes 47-48oC); low relative humidity (20%); dust laden winds. 2. Monsoon (June-September): 85% of average annual rainfall of 990 mm. fall in temperature 40-45o on rainy days. 3. Winter (October-February): Cold (temperature drop to 3-4oC, sometimes below - 1oC, clear skies; foggy condition in some tracts. 5 District: Allahabad Intoduction Allahabad also known as Prayag, is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of theAllahabad District. Allahabad is the seventh most populous city in Uttar Pradesh, with an estimated population of 1.74 million living in the city and district area. In 2011, it was ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city. Allahabad city is the largest commercial center in the state; it also has the second-highest per capita income and the third greatest GDP in the state (following Kanpur).[6] Allahabad is also known as the "city of prime ministers" because post independence seven out of 13 prime minister of India belonged to Allahabad (Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All these seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni ofAllahabad University, or were elected from a constituency in Allahabad.[1] 6 The city's original name—Prayaga, or "place of offerings", comes from its position at the sacred union of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati. It is the second-oldest city in India and plays a central role in the Hindu scriptures. The city contains many temples and palaces. Allahabad is located in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh. It is bounded by Pratapgarh in the north, Bhadohi in the east, Rewa in the south andKaushambi in the west. Its area is 63.07 km2 (24.35 sq mi). Allahabad contains many suburbs. While the city and surroundings are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Allahabad District is governed by the Allahabad City Council. Thedemonym of Allahabad is Allahabadi. Allahabad was originally founded as Kaushambi (now a separate district) by the Kuru rulers of Hastinapur, who developed it as their capital. Since then, Allahabad has often being the political/cultural/administrative head of the entire Doab area and beyond. First as Kaushambi, then as Prathisthanpur. Later, the Mughal emperor Akbarrenamed Prayag as Allahabad and made it a prominent administrative centre again.