Eau Claire Historic Resources Survey City of Columbia Richland County, South Carolina New South Associates, Inc. 2 Intentionally Left Blank Eau Claire Historic Resources Survey City of Columbia Richland County, South Carolina Report submitted to: Planning and Development Services • City of Columbia • 1136 Washington Street • Columbia, South Carolina 29201 Report prepared by: New South Associates • 6150 East Ponce de Leon Avenue • Stone Mountain, Georgia 30083 Mary Beth Reed– Principal Investigator Staci Richey– Historian and Co-Author Tina Poston– Historian and Co-Author October 19, 2018 • Final Report New South Associates Technical Report 2879 4 Intentionally Left Blank EAU CLAIRE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY CITY OF COLUMBIA i This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity National Park Service 1849 C Street, NW Washington DC 20240 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS New South Associates would like to thank the City of Columbia Planning and Development Services for all their support. In addition, we would like to thank Brad Sauls, with the South Carolina Department of Archives and History (SCDAH), who provided guidance while completing the fieldwork and report. We would also like to acknowledge all the residents of Richland County who shared information about their neighborhoods, homes, churches, and schools. Special thanks are also given to Columbia College for allowing us to access their campus. The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed, in part, with federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the (SCDAH). However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendations by the Department of the Interior. EAU CLAIRE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY CITY OF COLUMBIA iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................II LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................V I. PROJECT SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................1 NAME OF SURVEY ...................................................................................................................1 BOUNDARIES OF SURVEY AREA .........................................................................................1 NUMBER OF PROPERTIES SURVEYED ................................................................................1 AREA SURVEYED.....................................................................................................................1 SURVEYORS AND AFFILIATION ...........................................................................................1 PROJECT HISTORY ..................................................................................................................1 BEGINNING AND ENDING DATES OF SURVEY .................................................................3 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES .........................................................................................................5 III. SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................7 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ...................................................................................................7 FIELD SURVEY METHODS .....................................................................................................7 PREVIOUS STUDIES .............................................................................................................7 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION ..........................................8 IV. HISTORIC CONTEXT .............................................................................................................9 COLUMBIA ..............................................................................................................................10 EAU CLAIRE ............................................................................................................................12 THE 1920S AND 1930S .............................................................................................................22 THE 1940S AND 1950S .............................................................................................................26 THE MODERN ERA, 1960S THROUGH 1980S .....................................................................30 V. EVALUATION OF RECORDED PROPERTIES ....................................................................33 NATIONAL REGISTER PROPERTIES ..................................................................................33 PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED PROPERTIES.............................................................................33 SURVEYED RESOURCES ......................................................................................................35 Residential House Types and Styles .......................................................................................35 Commercial Building Types ...................................................................................................38 Churches and Cemetery .........................................................................................................47 Columbia College ...................................................................................................................53 Residential Areas that Reflect Eau Claire’s Development .....................................................56 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................59 FURTHER RESEARCH STUDY NEEDED ...........................................................................59 Columbia College ...................................................................................................................59 Pine Ridge Cemetery-Resource 7614/38RD1193 ..................................................................61 DISTRICTS FOR LOCAL DESIGNATION/NRHP LISTING ................................................62 iv Colonial Drive District ...........................................................................................................62 Millers Addition District ........................................................................................................68 College View District .............................................................................................................71 Burke-Holmes District ...........................................................................................................82 Middleton Heights ..................................................................................................................87 AFRICAN AMERICAN RESOURCES ...................................................................................92 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE PRESERVATION PLANNING EFFORTS .............92 REFERENCES CITED .................................................................................................................97 APPENDIX A: SURVEYED RESOURCES APPENDIX B: SHPO CONCURRENCE LETTER EAU CLAIRE HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY CITY OF COLUMBIA v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Eau Claire Survey Area ...........................................................................................2 Figure 2. Excerpt from an 1820 Richland County Map Showing Columbia and the Surrounding Area ....................................................................................10 Figure 3. Frederick Hyatt .....................................................................................................12 Figure 4. 1899 Map of the Street Railway System Showing Line from Eau Claire ............13 Figure 5. Hyatt House in Eau Claire ...................................................................................15 Figure 6. Early Eau Claire House .........................................................................................15 Figure 7. Ridgewood Country Club 1907 ............................................................................17 Figure 8. Family After a Game of Pool at Ridgewood Country Club 1907 .........................17 Figure 9. Columbia College 1925 .......................................................................................18 Figure 10. College Place Map 1910 .......................................................................................19 Figure 11. Street Car in Eau Claire, 1910 ..............................................................................20 Figure 12. Ensor House in 1900 (Columbia and Hyatt Park, 1900 ........................................21 Figure 13. New Home in College View 1916 ......................................................................21