3 CONTENTS PARTICIPANTS................................................................................................................................. vii ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................ xix 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Modifications to the agenda ........................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Joint Meeting on Pesticides............................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Toxicological criteria for estimating guidance values for dietary and non-dietary exposure to pesticides............................................................................................................. 5 2.4 Report of the Environmental Core Assessment group (Environmental CAG)............................ 6 2.5 Data requirements for estimating ADIs and MRLs....................................................................... 7 2.5.1 Toxicological evaluation of pesticide exposure by the Core Assessment Group ..................... 7 2.5.2 Evaluation of pesticide residues by the FAO Panel .................................................................. 11 2.6 Assessment of acute dietary risk ................................................................................................... 12 2.7 Consultation on Application of Risk Analysis to Food Standards Issues - JMPR response to specific recommendations.................................................................................. 14 2.8 Residues ......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.8.1 Definitions of pesticide residues ................................................................................................ 17 2.8.2 JMPR approach to estimating Extraneous Residue Limits (ERLs).......................................... 21 2.8.3 MRLs at or about the limit of determination for multi-component residues............................ 23 2.9 JMPR evaluations .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.9.1 Use of data by the JMPR............................................................................................................ 26 2.9.2 Use of JMPR Evaluations by regulatory authorities ................................................................. 27 2.9.3 Shortening JMPR reports on compounds - Section on residue and analytical aspects............ 27 2.10 Dietary intake of pesticide residues ............................................................................................ 30 2.11 Issues relevant to the establishment of guidelines for drinking-water quality .......................... 30 3. SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................. 30 4. EVALUATION OF DATA FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE FOR HUMANS AND MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS1.............................................................................. 31 4.1 Abamectin (T)............................................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Aldicarb (T)....................................................................................................................................32 4.3 Azinphos-methyl (R) .................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 Benomyl (T,E)** .......................................................................................................................... 34 4.5 Bentazone (R) ............................................................................................................................... 40 4.6 Bifenthrin (R)................................................................................................................................ 41 1 T = Toxicology * New compound R = Residue and analytical aspects ** Evaluation in periodic review programme E = Evaluation of effects on the environment 4 4.7 Buprofezin (R) .............................................................................................................................. 43 4.8 Captan (T) ..................................................................................................................................... 52 4.9 Carbendazim (T,E)** ................................................................................................................... 54 4.10 Cartap (T,R)**............................................................................................................................. 57 4.11 Chlorpyrifos (R)........................................................................................................................... 58 4.12 Dithianon (R) ............................................................................................................................... 60 4.13 Dithiocarbamates (R)................................................................................................................... 62 4.14 Ethephon (T)................................................................................................................................ 62 4.15 Fenarimol (T,R,E)*...................................................................................................................... 63 4.16 Fenpropimorph (R)*.................................................................................................................... 77 4.17 Fenpyroximate (T,R)* ................................................................................................................. 86 4.18 Fenthion (T,R,E)**...................................................................................................................... 94 4.19 Flusilazole (T).............................................................................................................................124 4.20 Folpet (T) ....................................................................................................................................127 4.21 Haloxyfop (T,R)* .......................................................................................................................130 4.22 Iprodione (T)...............................................................................................................................143 4.23 Metalaxyl (R)..............................................................................................................................145 4.24 Metiram (R)* ..............................................................................................................................147 4.25 Monocrotophos (T).....................................................................................................................156 4.26 Parathion (T,R)** .......................................................................................................................156 4.27 Parathion-methyl (T)** ..............................................................................................................162 4.28 Penconazole (R)..........................................................................................................................165 4.29 Piperonyl butoxide (T)** ...........................................................................................................168 4.30 Profenofos (R).............................................................................................................................172 4.31 Quintozene (T,R)**....................................................................................................................173 4.32 Thiophanate-methyl (T,E)**......................................................................................................185 4.33 Triadimefon (R) ..........................................................................................................................189 4.34 Triadimenol (R) ..........................................................................................................................190 4.35 Vinclozolin (T) ...........................................................................................................................191 5. RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................195 6. FUTURE WORK ...........................................................................................................................197 6.1 1995 Meeting ................................................................................................................................197 6.2 1996 Meeting ................................................................................................................................198 7. REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................199 CORRECTIONS TO REPORT OF 1994 JMPR..............................................................................205 ANNEX I ADIs and MRLs................................................................................................................209