2 Xu & Zhao (2019) Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida) EDITORIAL BOARD Dr M. J. Fletcher, NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Prof. G. Giribet, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Mr R. L. Palma, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand Dr C. J. Vink, Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Ave, Christchurch, New Zealand CHIEF EDITOR Prof Z.-Q. Zhang, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Associate Editors Dr T. R. Buckley, Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Dr R. A. B. Leschen, Dr D. F. Ward, Dr Z. Q. Zhao, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Honorary Editor Dr T. K. Crosby, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand 79 3 Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 79 Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida) by Yu-Mei Xu Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China Email: [email protected] Zeng-Qi Zhao Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand Email: [email protected] Auckland, New Zealand 2019 4 Xu & Zhao (2019) Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida) Copyright © Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2019 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, elec- tronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Xu, Yu-Mei Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida) / by Yu-Mei Xu, Zeng-Qi Zhao. -- Lin- coln, N.Z. : Landcare Research NZ, 2019. 1 online resource (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 1179-7193 (online) ; no. 79 = Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa ; nama 79) ISBN 978-0-947525-66-8 (online) ISBN 978-0-947525-65-1 (print) 1. Nematodes -- New Zealand. I. Title. II. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. III. Zhao, Zeng-Qi. UDC 595.132.1 (931) This work should be cited as: Xu, Y.-M. & Zhao, Z.-Q. 2019. Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida). Lincoln, N.Z.: Landcare Research. https://doi.org/10.7931/J2/FNZ.79 Prepared for publication by Zhi-Qiang Zhang and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. To access on-line extracts from this series visit: http://fnz.landcareresearch.co.nz/ Published by Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ Printed by 3A Cover design: Birgit Rhode Date of publication: 4 October 2019 Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is supported by Core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Science and Innovation Group, for the Defining New Zealand’s Land Biota research programme. Fauna of New Zealand 79 5 POPULAR SUMMARY Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematoda Class Enoplea Class Enoplea Order Dorylaimida Order Triplonchida Superfamily Dorylaimoidea Superfamily Diphtherophoroidea Family Longidoridae Family Trichodoridae Longidoridae and Trichodoridae are the only two families of nematodes proven to be polyphagous root- ectoparasites which can transmit plant viruses. Members of the family Longidoridae commonly include needle and dagger nematodes based on their odontostyle shape—like a needle in the subfamily Longidorinae and a dagger in the subfamily Xiphinematinae. The family Trichodoridae is commonly referred to as "stubby-root" nematodes because feeding by these nematodes can cause a stunted or “stubby” root system. The viruses associated with Longidoridae and Trichodoridae belong to different virus taxa: longidorids vector nepoviruses and trichodorids vector tobraviruses. To date, over 480 species have been described worldwide belonging to six genera, and two subfamilies, in the family Longidoridae and 109 species in six genera in the family Trichodoridae. Of these, 17 species have been reported in New Zealand. Unfortunately, only 12 of the 17 New Zealand species were available for the present study. Therefore, this monograph provides full descriptions and distributions of the 12 species, including seven species from two genera in Longidoridae and five species from three genera in Trichodoridae. TE WHAKARĀPOPOTOTANGA Ko ngāi Longidoridae me ngāi Trichodoridae anake ngā whānau nematode e mōhio māriretia ana he piriwaho-pakiaka, he kai i ngā momo mea maha, he kaituku huaketo tipu anō. Ko ētahi tino huānga o te whānau Longidoridae, ko ngā nematode ‘ngira me te oka’, nā runga i te niho o te hanga—me te ngira te hanga i te whānau whāiti Longidorinae, ā, me te oka te hanga i te whānau whāiti Xiphinematinae. Karangatia ai te whānau Trichodoridae he nematode “pakiaka poto”, i te mea ina kainga ngā pakiaka e ēnei nematode, ka tauwhena, ka popoto ngā pakiaka. Ko ngā huaketo e haere kōtui ana me ngāi Longidoridae rāua ko ngāi Trichodoridae, he rōpū kē, he rōpū kē: he kawe nepovirus ngā longidorid, he kawe tobravirus ngā trichodorid. Taka mai ki tēnei wā, i te whānau Longidoridae, neke atu i te 480 ngā momo kua āta whakaahutia ā-kupu, i ngā puninga e ono, i ngā whanau whāiti e rua. I te whānau Trichodoridae, e 109 ngā momo, nō ngā puninga e ono. O roto mai i ēnei, 17 ngā momo kua pūrongotia i Aotearoa. Heoi anō, tekau mā rua noa iho o ēnei momo 17 kei Aotearoa nei i wātea mai mō tēnei rangahautanga. Nō reira, ko tā tēnei tuhinga, he whakatakoto i ngā whakaahua ā-kupu paruhi me ngā kōrero mō te tītaringa o ngā momo 12, arā, mō ngā momo e 7 o ngā puninga e rua o ngāi Longidoridae, me ngā momo e rima o ngā puninga o toru o ngāi Trichodoridae. THE CONTRIBUTORS Contributor Yu-Mei Xu was born in Shanxi Province in North China. She graduated from Shanxi Agricultural University in 2002 with a Bachelor of Agricultural Science in Plant Protection and in 2005 with a Master of Agricultural Science in Plant Pathology. Since 2005, she has served as an assistant lecturer, lecturer and associated professor in Shanxi Agricultural University. She has taught courses including Plant Pathology, Turfgrass Pest Management, Horticulture Plant Pathology, and Molecular Plant Pathology. She conducted her PhD studies from 2011–2015 and received the PhD degree in Plant Pathology from Shanxi Agricultural University in 2015. Her project focused on classification and taxonomic research on longidorid and tripylid nematodes in Shanxi Province, China. From 2016 to 2017, she worked with Dr. Zeng-Qi Zhao as a visiting scientist in Landcare Research, New Zealand. So far, she has published 27 scientific papers on the classification and taxonomy of nematodes. Her main 6 Xu & Zhao (2019) Longidoridae and Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida and Triplonchida) research interests are the systematics of nematodes, especially the family Tripylidae and Longidoridae, and biological control of root-knot nematodes. NGĀ KAITUHI I whānau mai te kaituhi nei, a Yu-Mei Xu i te Takiwā o Shanxi, i te Raki o Haina. Ka whiwhi i tana Tohu Paetahi Pūtaiao Ahuwhenua mō te Tiaki Tipu i te 2002, i te Whare Wānanga Ahuwhenua o Shanxi. Ā, i te tau 2005, ko tana Tohu Kauati Pūtaiao Ahuwhenua mō ngā Tahumaero Tipu. Mai i te 2005, kua tū ia hei pūkenga whakahirihiri, hei pūkenga, hei pūkenga haere kōtui hoki i te Whare Wānanga Ahuwhenua o Shanxi. Kua whakaako i ētahi akoranga, tae atu ki: Te Mātai Tahumaero Tipu, Te Here Riha Pātītī, Te Mātai Tahumaero Tipu Ahumāra, me te Mātai Tahumaero Tipu ā-Rāpoingota. He mea kawe ake e ia ngā mahi mō tana Tohu Kairangi i te 2011–2015, ā, ka whakawhiwhia ki tana Tohu Kairangi mō te Mātai Tahumaero Tipu i te Whare Wānanga Ahuwhenua o Shanxi i te tau 2015. Ko te arotahinga, ko te rangahau i ngā whakapapa me ngā whakarōpūtanga o ngā nematode longidorid, tripylid hoki i te Takiwā o Shanxi, i Haina. Mai i te 2016 ki te 2017 he kaipūtaiao toro ia i Manaaki Whenua, Aotearoa, e mahi tahi ana ki a Tākuta Zeng-Qi Zhao. E 27 āna tuhinga pūtaiao mō ngā whakapapa me te whakarōpūtanga o ngā nematode. Ko āna whāinga rangahau matua, ko ngā tātai whakapapa nematode, mātua rā te whānau Tripylidae me te whānau Longidoridae, me te pēhi ā-koiora i ngā nematode pona-pakiaka. Contributor Zeng-Qi Zhao was born in Shanxi Province in North China. He gained a Bachelor of Agricultural Science from Shanxi Agricultural University, China in 1985. After graduation, he was employed as a teacher in Shanxi Agricultural University. From 1985–1999, he was involved in teaching, research and administration in the University. He was promoted to Head Administrator of the Department of Agronomy in 1996. After arriving in Australia in 1999, he worked and studied in the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Australia for 7 years (in the former Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology). His PhD project focused on the taxonomy, biology, ecology and pathogenicity of above-ground nematodes in pine plantations in Australia. After receiving his PhD degree in 2006, he joined Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research as a scientist in 2007. Since then, Zeng-Qi’s primary interest has been in free living nematodes, especially the family Tripylidae, but he Fauna of New Zealand 79 7 retains a broad interest in Nematoda, particularly plant parasitic nematodes. As a nematologist, he has also been contracted by the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) for nematode identification and responses work since 2007. Zeng-Qi has published over 50 scientific papers.