View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nippon Sport Science University 日本体育大学紀要（Bull. of Nippon Sport Sci. Univ.）， 44 (1)，33–35，2014 【特別寄稿】 Tradition and learning methodology basis for the formation of the Mongolian national sport L. ALTANTSETSEG, G. LKHAGVASUREN and L. GUNDEGMAA National Institute of physical culture of Mongolia Abstract: The article contains materials on the study of the century, inherited from ancestors to us the preparation of national sports connected with climatic peculiarities, historical traditions and way of life as the Mongolian peoples, which were a means of development of the fundaments of the mentally­ physical health and volitional qualities of the Mongols and the bases of the formation of theories and methods of national sports Mongolia. (Received: May 9, 2014) Key words: Mongolian national sport, signs of wrestlers, archers, horses basis of its formation and methods of training as a mountain, a high forehead, bass voice, slender Introduction chest inflated, graceful, wide square jaw, neck bulg­ The Mongols from ancient times was provided by ing, protruding mound muscle wide powerfully bony, national kinds of sports and experiencing the beauty very strong, unknowing destruction, smart, majestic, of physical fitness, the miracle of power and skills solid, etc. is very specific and are concretely called. fighters, accurate shooters, characterized from others, There are many good fighters have these “signs” of quick the jump horses, and on the basis of accumu­ good Mongolian national wrestling fighter and they lated experiences, long­term observation are installing glorified their names in history. There are a lot of data their signs. on the athletes times with the 1800s. For example, This tradition has become orientation in the national giant champion Namjiljav become a leader in the fight sports training for children and youth. If you look in holidays “Naadam” within the first 30 years of the ancient historical sources and in “The secret history of 1800s, took first place to fight more than 10 times at the Mongols’, forms duel fighters were unusual, much the “Naadam”. like modern freestyle wrestling, had rules generally to Holds the honorary title, the title of “The Lion” Bat throw the opponent down with a shovel on the ochir had growth of about 2 meters, wide shouldered, ground. with a thin waist, with powerful muscles, tremendous It is interested in existing the wrestling in Mongolia knees with raised high forehead. Even in modern for a long time. The way of wrestling which is similar times have not diminished value tradition sets the to free style wrestling formed about 2000 years ago. “signs” of good Mongolian national wrestlers, if you use the many signs of a good fighter in the selection, Discussion training and preparation of promising young fighters The traditional ways of establishing and cognition compete in the international arena to achieve the “signs” good fighter has a positive impact in the prep­ probability of success will increase dramatically. aration of the national sports roots in the memory of Training, exercise and teaching for Mongolian wres­ the Mongols, artistically reflected in folklore, fairy tlers have a unique feature. Senior wrestlers with hon­ tales, folk tales, songs and music, and preserved to us orary titles play an important role. They teach young by becoming a valuable cultural heritages. wrestlers techniques and skills; transfer their experi­ Signs of fighters bodies expressed artistic image. For ences, skills and techniques. They exchange their ex­ example, a fighter with a big and powerful physique periences. We must respect the old fighters and keep Tradition and learning methodology basis for the formation of the Mongolian national sport order. Coaches and old young wrestlers learn how to the target from a distance of 335 yards or 503 meters. have to contend with a strong fighter, with a fighter A stone statue was built for the Mergen. The statue who has a heavy weight, rapid movement and a lot of was the first Mongolian script work. It was found in effort. You can not be afraid of fighters who have 1818 and has been kept in Hermitage Museum in St. honor, a lot of effort and great experiences. Mind, Peterburg [2, 3]. thinking and aspiration should be focused on the fight. In the 1820th year in the archery competition at the And the Mongols have talents from the birth. Training “Naadam”, participated over 460 shooters. In 1870th fighters appeared when “Fighting fighters” became an years has developed and adopted a single rule archery independent view of physical culture and sports and and this had a significant impact for the development celebrated [4]. of archery in a large scale. For many generations On the quality of training fighters were more de­ Mongols generalize skills and abilities best apt arrows, pendent their success. More wrestlers came from one unlike the other, whereby detail sets the “signs” to another Aimag, learned from each other, or invite sharpshooters. good wrestlers in their Aimag for changing experi­ Mongolians have a wealth of experience, a good ences and organized school wrestlers. There were method on how to tie a horse, train horses with origi­ lot of well­known schools and trainings, including nal methods, preparing for the race, increase their Daichin vangiyn hoshuuny wrestling school (Bulgan speed, quickness, endurance and strength [1]. aimag current), a school for fighters of Sayn Noen Tradition determine the Mongols “Signs“ of good Aimag (current Arhangai Aimag), a school for fighters horses / the jump horses / has an ancient history. In Dargangyn Hoshuu of Tsetsen Khan aimag (current nomadic Mongolian aimags horses, between all other Sukhbaatar ­ Ulaanbaatar Aimag) had a hundred pets, provide the most important requirements for years of history. manufacturing needs, for migrations need, for adapt­ To enjoy a good reputation and to gain popularity ing the terrain and for the presence of water as well as of some princes, Noyods, head hoshuu took the initia­ hunting, to support communication between aimags. tive and created a school for wrestlers. For example: Along with this Horse meat was used for food, for in 1860–1870 years in Lamyn Gegeen shavi (current mare, milk. Erdenetsogt soum of Bayankhongor aimag) were any In the 12th–13th century, war was conducted by the good wrestlers. Here established a school for fighters strength good horses. During the war condition, and demanded to go to school lamov and ordinary horses played an important role. All women, men people. They have been taught to fight, to do wres­ and children rode the horses. tling moves, shoot a bow, as a result achieved success. In XYI century have been written about the special Mongols able to accurately shoot a bow on gallop­ omens horses: mounts can take notice / observe / by ing horses and this skill strelkov differ sharply from three indicators: in appearance, viscera and secrecy. other countries. Since the ancient times, when the Mongols race In the early 12th century, during the time, when es­ horses, they trained the horse to coach accurate tablished the Mongol empire, existed unit organiza­ method for the horse racing. This technique has been tion of military structures such as tens, hundreds, used so far. thousandths, ten thousandths, and every man in the Mongols perennial horses tied at 40–45 days, young army, gained courage, stamina, endurance, perfectly horses 20–25 days. Riding and training a horse is one mastered the art of war such as mastery sword and of the main ways of physical education. These chil­ shield, bayonet, archery. During the wars women dren develop dexterity, speed of motion, strength, and were as strong and had the same skills as men [5]. patience. They give good abilities, skills, and teach Since the ancient time, the Mongols, the one who is children multilateral abilities of life and work if they good at shooting, were awarded the title of “Mergen” start to ride a horse, especially race a horse from the and “Tsetsen”. These traditions have been inherited to child. us from generation to generation. Difference from the international equestrian sport In 1226, The knight Esuhey conquered tribe is adults do not participate in the race. They give to “Sartuul”. During “Naadam”, a Mergen accurately hit ride to three and four year­old children on horseback, 34 ALTANTSETSEG et al. followed by a 5–7 year olds already possess the ability tion depended on the nomadic lifestyle, geographical to independently ride a runaway horse. This is a features, climate and weather. During that time, unique method of teaching the Mongolian people [2]. Mongols started to celebrate “Naadam”­”Three Manly Black dressed Janjin Purevzhav Beis, who lived at Games” which consists of “wrestling”, “archery” and the end of the last century, had higher education of “horse racing” in the summer. They are Mongolian five Eastern Sciences, read a lot, studied the books of national sports [5]. wisdom, had a deep theoretical knowledge. He had These traditions and experiences are inherited to us 50–60 years tied the horse on these experiments de­ and used in the training of modern sport. The theory duced runaway horses come from “Galshir “, in 1920– and methods of teaching national sports were in­ 1925 he created the book “From the secret in secret, herited to us from generation to generation. hidden from a hidden, straight, faithful.” He founded his own school, which taught how to perform jumps, References learn, grow horses [1, 4]. 1. Bayrmagnai N. Historical traditions and culture for tying the Mongolian horses. Ulaanbaatar: Print 1998. Conclusion 115 p. 2. Baldandorj D., Dondog Ch. Archery Ulaanbaatar: Since ancient times, the Mongols did exercises, State Publishing, 1975. 143 p. different sports. Created the national sports school, 3.