da< AoInaM IbocaUb siZh foKlor bigCyaN (AhaNb sruK) AhuMsub seMdoKlb Amdi caUHoKhLlb SuTnM 1 niMfoK monogCraf sirij - 2 foKlor bigCyaN (AhaNb sruK) 2 niMfoK monogCraf sirij - 2 foKlor bigCyaN (AhaNb sruK) AhuMsub seMdoKlb Amdi caUHoKhLlb SuTnM da< AoInaM IbocaUb siZh pCrofesr, mnipur yunivrsiti IMfaL nepeN INsBtitCyuT Aaf mnipuri foKlor 2010 3 lEbaKn ‘Aoja birhri’ haIn sKSxbiSib ISuT paIdun taKpirKSib pabuZd kTcri> 4 hirM lamaI wahE Srdx AhaNb pNduP foKlor foKlor foKlorgi miZgOroL foK AmsuZ lor foK lor foKlorgi mhOsa foKlorgi mzM foKlorgi mHO hraU-nuZzaIhNb naT sOgTp lOsiZ pib SuNnaIg cunhNb AhoZb purKp Anisub pNduP foKlor bigCyaN foKloristiKCs foKloristiKCski mhOsa foKloristiKCski mzM sosiyeL saINCski Am AoIn foKloristiKCski paNdM foKloristiKCski miTyeZ-fireP foKloristiKCski kaNnb 5 AhuMsub paNdM foKlor bigCyaN AMsuZ AtE bidCyasiZ foKlor bigCyaN AmsuZ AtE bidCyasiZ foKloristiKCs AmsuZ AeNHCropoloji foKloristiKCs AmsuZ histCri foKloristiKCs AmsuZ saIkoloji foKloristiKCs AmsuZ sosiAoloji foKloristiKCs AmsuZ liZguIstiKCs foKloristiKCs AmsuZ AarkiAoloji foKloristiKCs AmsuZ AtE sosiyeL saINCssiZ foKloristiKCs AmsuZ sahitCy foKloristiKCs AmsuZ INtrdisipClineri AoIb lMjx mrisub pNduP pCriHibid foKlor nEnbgi SoZHaZ pCriHibid foKlor nEnbgi SoZHaZ miHolojikeL sCkuL AmsuZ solr HiAori AeNHCropolojikeL sCkuL AmsuZ srbaIbeLCs HiAori beNfi sCkuL AmsuZ maIgCresneL HiAori fiNnis sCkuL AmsuZ histriK-jiAogCrafiK meHd saIkoAenalitikeL sCkuL AmsuZ saIkoAenalitiK HiAori sCtCrKcreL sCkuL AmsuZ sCtCrKcreL HiAori mzasub pNduP foKlorgi mSL SaIb mSL SaIbgi smsCyasiZ mSL SaIb 6 truKsub pNduP ciNbuZgi AoIb foKlor foKsoZ foK beled foK AepiK foKteL lejeNCd miH pCrovrCb ridL foK sCpic foK nemiZ haPciNb sruK (k) foKlorgi mSL SaIb (darsN AmsuZ bCruNvaNCd) (s) foKlorgi kNteKCscuyeL HiAori (l) pCraPki sCtCrKcreL HiAori (m) levi-sCtCraski sCtCrKcreL HiAori (p) maleMgi sKnaIb foKlorisCTnciZb (laIriKsid yaUrib) bibCliAogCrafi 7 wahE Srdx hOjiKki mtMd maleMgi ASx-AhEsiZn jati Amgi foKlor mcaKsiZbu jati Adugi sxskCriti msK Sxnb hoTnbgi SCwaIdgi AHoIb paMbEni haIn lOnrKli> msigi AcOb mrM Amdi foKlorn jati Amgi SCwaIdgi msiZ yaMb miAoIsiZgi SCwaIdgi seZb HMmoInuZgi SCwaIdgi mhOsa AoIb Amdi SCwaIdgi paK-sNb cTnbi puKniZ-waSL, poTlM-poTsK, Amdi sajT-HOrM AoIbnni> foKlorgi AoIb AheNb SudoZcabsiZ Asigi mteZ AeNHCropoloji, histCri, saIkoloji, AarkiAoloji, liZguIstiKCsnciZb tozaN-tozaNb sosiyeL saINCski ASx-AhEsiZn mSoI- mSoIgi bidCyad heNn-heNn lOnrKli> AsuMn SCwaIgi mteZ AoIrib foKlor haIbsigi msagi AoIb toPtoPp kaZloN kya lEjE> kaZloNsiZ Adu foKloristiKCsn HijiLli, puHoKI, Amdi nEndun UTli> foKloristiKCspu, mHKki mrM Asidgi AnOb mru AoIb bidCya Am AoIn pCriHibigi noZpoK-noZcuP AnimKt yunivrsitisiZn noZm-noZmgi tMnb Amdi nEnb heNgTlKli> mnipur yunivrsitidsu gCrejuyeT Amdi posCT-gCrejuyeTki HaKt ‘foKlor’ (foKloristiKCs) tozaNb bisy Am AoIn tMnre> laIbK Hibdi, bidCya Asigi HiAori Amdi kNsePTsiZgi AoIb laIriK mnipurid zsi faUb lEtCri> AwaTp Asi meNSTnb hoTnbgi paNdMd foKlor bigCyaN haIb laIriK Asi puHoKcbni> laIriK Asi mpuZ AoIn bidCya Asibu nOn tMSTlKlib mhEroIsiZgidmK Ijbni> mrM Asin laIriKsid foKloristiKCski paK-sNSCrb kaZloNsiZgi mnuZdgi tzaIfdb Sxdb yadCrb mcx AoIbsiZ Adudx SNgTlg haPnb hoTnjE> teKCsbuKki mAoZd wahE-wata yaribmSE msa tasiNhNnbsu hoTnjE> kNsePT Amdi INformesNsiZ yaribmSE hOjiKki mtMgi SCwaIdgi nOb AoIhNnb hoTnjE> hOjiKki mtMgi foKlor sCkolarsiPki SCwaIdgi mpuZ AoIrib lEbaK Aamerikagi miTyeZ yaribmSE yaUhNnb hoTnjE> bidCya Asid HwaI yaUbibsiZn mSa tan AxgCreji laIriKsiZ parKpd SrmSE SuTloInbgidmK AxgCreji wahEsiZ yaribmSE haPnb hoTnjE> msimKn bidCya Asi nEnbd AxgCreji wahE Amdi noZcuPki miTyeZ tzaIfde haIbgi wafMdi nTte> ImaloNgi wahEd Amdi IrMdMgi miTyeZd nEnbgi mhuT siNb yarroIdb toPtoPp kaNnb kyamruM lE> SudMdi mnipuri foKlor nEnbd mnipurgi AoIn pib tzaIfde> laIriK Asiddi, maleMgi AoIb msKt, mnipuri 8 SudM lEtb nTtCrg cundb mtaZsiZd AxgCrejigi AoIb SudM Sr piri> yaMdCrbd laIriK Asin mhEroIsiZdt nTtn foKlorbu nuZsib miAoIsiZgi mfMdsu bidCya Asigi mrMd hOjiKki mtMgi AnOb AcuMb msK Srdxbu SxhNb zMlbdi hoTnjmL mhE yaLle SNjgni> laIriK Asi SudoZcadb mrM Srdgi sruK-sruK AoIn SaIdoKtun puHoKcbgidmK pabiribsiZn zaKpigni niZjE> AroIbd, laIriK Asi InbgidmK HOINsiN pibiSib Amdi IteZ paZbiSib mruP-mpaZ puMnmKki mfMd Amdi laIriK Asi niZHijn nMbinb hoTnbiSib pdma pCriNtrCski nuZsirb InaUsiZgi mfMd tObimL Sxb UTcri> mnipuri diparTmeNT mnipur yunivrsiti IbocaUb IMfaL, marCcc 5, 1993 AhuMsub SuTnMgi wahE Srdx lEbaK miyaMn, HoIdoKn satCr-kaZluPn, nuZsibibdgifoKlor bigCyaN gi Anisub SuTnM loIsiNSCrb tuZd zsi AmuK hNn laIriK Asigi AhuMsub seMdoKlb Amdi caUHoKhLlb SuTnM Am puHoKp zMjbsid laIriK Asibu nuZsibiSib satCrsiZ, AojasiZ, Amdi AtE paHKsiZ puMnmKki mfMd puKceL seZn tObimL Sxb UTcri> SuTnM Asid yaribmSE AnOb mtMgi waroLsiZ haPnb hoTnjE> haNngi Anisub SuTnMgi teKCst AwaTp Sr meNsiNjE, AheNb Sr haPciNjE> fuTnoT msiZsu heNgThNjE> haPciNb sruKsu yaUhNjE> laIriK Asibu fgTnb taKpirKpsiZ traMn lOjgni> mnipuri diparTmeNT mnipur yunivrsiti IbocaUb IMfaL, AagsCT 31, 2010 9 AhaNb pNduP foKlor (SuNnuZloL) ‘foK-lor’ (haIfeN yaUb ) haIb wahE Asi IxleNCdgi Arib poTlM nEnb folk-lore ( ) wiliyM taMCs kOb nipa Amn SCristabd 1846 t puHoKSi> antiquarian (William John Thoms) mhaKn miZgO Asi puHoKtCrizEgi mmaZd AxgCrejid foKlorgi bisybu ‘ popular litera- ’ nTtCrg ‘ ’ haIbnciZb miZgOsiZn SxnrMmi> mtM Adud foKlorgi ture popular antiquities bisybu tozaN-tozaNb lEbaKsiZd tozaN-tozaNb miZgOsiZn, SudM AoIn jrmnid ‘boKCskuNde’ ( ), fCraNCst ‘tCrdiTsiAoZ populare’ ( ), Itlid volkskunde traditions populaires ‘tCrdiTsiAoni paplari’ ( ), sCpeNd ‘tCrdiTsiAoN populer’ ( tradizioni populari tradiciones ), rust ‘nroTnoAe tCwrcCyestCwe’ ( ), sCwideNdd ‘foKmaIN’ populares narodnoe tvorcestva ( ) haIn SxnrMmi>1 taMCsn puHoKlb mtuZdgidi ‘foK-lor’ haIb wahE Asi folkminne pCriHibigi mfM AyaMbd HoIdoKn paMnSi> ‘foK-lor’ wahEbu hOjiK pCriHibigi ASx-AhE AyaMbn ‘foKlor’ haIn Inre>2 foKlor AseZb nTtb, AseZb maNn seMb Asab foKlorbu ‘feKlor’ ( ) fakelore haIn SxnE> ‘feKlor’ haIb wahE Asi Aamerikagi HoIdoKn mmiZ cTlb foKlorisCT ricrCd darsN ( ) n SCristabd 1950 d puHoKSibni> Richard M. Dorson 1boKCs = miyaM (gi) kuNde = mpaU (lOsiZ)> tCrdiTsiAoZ/tCrdiTsiAoni = cTnbi, populare/ paplari = myaM (gi)> nroTnoAe = myaM (n) tCwrcCyestCwe = seMb> Volkskunde haIb miZgO Asi Austria, Holland, Netherland, Switzerland dsu sijiNnrMmi> Folkminne haIbsi Scandinavia gi lEbaKsiZ (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland) d Sr-Srdx SeNnrg sijiNnrMmi> 2mitEloNd ‘foKlor’ Asi SuNnaI mnuZgi AoIb waroL ‘SuNnuZloL’ haIn Sxnb yaI> 10 foKlorgi miZgOroL foKlorgi miZgOroL (privasa/ ) Amdi miZgOroLg mri lEnb wafM definition kyamruM lE> SCri< 1846 tgi hOn tozaN-tozaNb ASx-AhEsiZn puHoKnrKSib tozaN- tozaNb miZgOroLsiZgi mnuZd ‘msimn mcuMle’, ‘msimdi yeTnniZzaI lEtCre’, ‘msin SCwaIdgi mpuZ fare’ haIdun SCwaI puMnmKn cP maNnb yanrb miZgOroL HoIdoKp lEtCri> SCri< 1949 d foZSib n mtM Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend Adu faUbgi tozaN-tozaNb ASx-AhEsiZn pirMb gi miZgOroL kuNmaHoI folklore haPSi> foKlorgi Asigi mmaZd cTSib, diKsnari Asid yaUrib, Standard Dictionary Amdi mtuZd laKp msK naIb ASx-AhE Srgi foKlorgi miZgOroL mru AoIb Srdx yeZlbd< 1> taMCsn foKlorgi miZgO puHoKp mtMd miZgOroLdi puHoKlMde> mhaKn yaMn sMn foKlorbu “ ” haIn msK taKSi AmsuZ foKlorgi Folk-lore - the Lore of the People mnuZd Arib mtMgi cTnbi mcaK kyamruM - “ the manners, customs, observances, supersti- ” haIn - cLhNSi>3 tions, ballads, proverbs, etc. of the olden time 2> goMmen foKlorbu Arib cTnbi kyagi hOjiK hiZhOrib leMhOSaKsiZ - “ ” - ni haIrMmi>4 the survivals of archaic beliefs, customs, and traditions in modern ages 3> sCrimti brCNn foKlorbu SuNnaIgi hNHb HaKki miAoIsiZd Ub fxb yeLhOzEgi waSLloNgi mfoZdoK - “ ” - ni the expression of the psychology of early man haIrMmi>5 4> kCrePn foKlorbu AnOb mtMd Ub fxb rekorCd tOdCrib Arib cTnbisiZ - “ unrecorded traditions of the people as they appear in popular fiction, custom and belief, magic and ” - ni haIrMmi>6 ritual 3 William Thoms, ‘Folklore’ in The Study of Folkore, ed., Alan Dundes (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1965), p.5. 4 George Laurence Gomme, The Handbook of Folklore (London : David Nutt, 1890), p.5. 5 Charlotte Sophia Burne, The Handbook of Folklore (London : Sidgwick and Jackson, 1914), p.1. 6 Alexander Haggerty Krappe, The Science of Folk-lore (London : Methuen, 1930), p. xv. 11 5> beskM ( ) n foKlorbu ciNbuZd lEb sahitCygi msKni ‘vrbeL William R. Bascom AarCT’ ni haIrMmi< In anthropological usage, the term folklore has come to mean myths, legends, folktales, proverbs, riddles, verse, and a variety of other forms of artistic expression whose medium is the 7 spoken word. Thus folklore can be defined as verbal art. 6> lic ( ) n foKlorbu sajT maNnb micM-kaZluPki tuZsiLlb Mac Edward Leach puKniZ-lOsiZni haIrMmi< Folklore is the generic term to disignate the customs, beliefs, traditions, tales, magical prac- tices, proverbs, songs, etc.; in short the accumulated knowledge of a homogeneous unsophisticated people, tied together not only by common physical bonds, but also by emotional ones which color their 8 every expression, giving it unity and individual distinction. 7> telr ( ) n foKlorbu AhaNb hOdoKSib misK HoIn Sxndb Archer Taylor cTnbigi mcaKsiZn sabni haIrMmi< Folkore consists of materials that are handed on traditionally from generation to generation 9 without a reliable ascription to an invertor or author. 8> sCtiH taMsN ( ) n foKlorbu AIb msKki nTtb cTnbini Stith Thompson haIrMmi< The common idea present in all folkore is that of tradition, something handed down from one .10