Cartografias imaginarias: La creacion de espacios utopicos en el "Lazarillo de Tormes", el "Quijote" y la "Relacion" de Cabeza de Vaca Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Dominguez-Castellano, Julia Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 14:06:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280692 CARTOGRAFfAS IMAGINARIAS; LA CREACION DE ESPACIOS UTOPICOS EN EL LAZARILLO DE TORMES, EL QUIJOTE Y LA RELACION DE CABEZA DE VACA by Julia Dominguez Castellano Copyright © Julia Dominguez Castellano 2004 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2004 UMI Number: 3158086 Copyright 2004 by Castellano, Julia Dominguez All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3158086 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 The University of Arizona Graduate College As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Julia Dominguez Castellano entitled Cartografias imaginarias: la creacion de espacios utopicos en el Lazarillo de Tormes, el Quljote y la Relacion de Cabeza de Vaca and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy date Malcolm A. Compitello date Amy R. Williamsen date date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recomfiiend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation Director: Robert L. Flore date Amy R, Williamsen 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A special thank you goes to the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Arizona, in particular to Olga Durazo, secretary of Graduate Students. 1 would also like to thank Professor Malcolm Compitello, member of my committee and Chair of the department, for his suggestions and thoughtful insights. I would also like to express my gratitude to my two wonderful directors. Professor Robert Fiore and Professor Amy Williamsen. Without their support and guidance this dissertation would not have been finished. 1 am grateful to Professor Amy Williamsen for her amability and understanding in difficult moments. Her willingness to help me, her infinite patience and her incredible capacity to always be optimistic helped me overcome many obstacles I confronted during the research and writing process. Last, but not least, I want to show my immeasurable gratitude to my mentor, friend and always model, Professor Robert L. Fiore. I am eternally grateful for his close, detailed reading and his uncanny ability to carefully evaluate all aspects of the dissertation. Besides expressing my thanks for his unselfish efforts, I want to say that his profound friendship and constant faith in me drove me to excel limitlessly while his guidance and mentoring prepared me for the profession. Both of these individuals are more than dissertation directors, they are life­ long friends, mentors and colleagues. DEDICATION A mi querido Chad, mi marido y mejor amigo, al que estare eternamente agradedda por su inconmesurable apoyo, especial comprension y extremada paciencia. Sin el no habria podido conseguirio. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 7 CAPfTULO 1 9 Cartografias imaginarias; la creacion de espacios utopicos en el Lazarillo de Tormes, ei Quijote y la Relacion de Cabeza de Vaca CAPiTULO 2 60 La prision de Lazaro de Tormes; la confinacion al espacio utopico de una falsa identidad CAPiTULO 3 125 La superposicion de mapas cognitivos en la Historia del Cautivo: la creacion del espacio discursivo en la convivencia de culturas CAPiTULO 4 202 Cartografias del espacio indigena: la creacion del espacio innaginario en la Relacion de Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca CONCLUSION 273 OBRAS CITADAS 284 OBRAS CONSULTADAS 298 The thesis combines Fredric Jameson's ideas on cognitive mapping with Henri Lefebvre's theories on the production of space and Tom Conley's concept of "cartographic writings" to illustrate how the narrators of Lazarillo de Tormes, the Captive's tale in the Quijote and Cabeza de Vaca's Relacion establish a relationship to the circumstances around them by means of cognitive maps. The created discursive spaces hide an ideology that is not explicit in the text and therefore the decoding of cognitive maps in symbols is the only way to have access to the multiple spaces through which the narrators' journeys take place, and to know the link that narrators have with their present space. The narrations of the picaro Lazaro de Tormes, the soldier Ruy Perez de Viedma and the Conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca are all examples of the accumulation of lived experiences and the superposition of their own cognitive maps in order to later manipulate and enrich their own story. There is, then, a causal relationship between each narration and the space in which the actions play out that is eventually subverted and manipulated for personal gain. It is not by accident that the developments of narrative accounts coincide with geographical expansion and scientific advances of the Renaissance which provoked the surge of what Tom Conley has called "cartographic writings," which have come to be known as relaciones, memoirs, travel books and chronicle accounts. These cartographic writings are all 8 narrated in the first person and occur at the same time as the appearance of new methods to perceive and characterize space. In the structure and development of his own narration, each narrator studied here acquires an unusual personal point of view and perspective that, in many cases, offers a new or uncommon vision of the world that has resulted from his own experiences and his coexistence with different social classes, predominant religions and other races. The resulting direct knowledge garnered from these experiences is closely tied to the importance placed upon perspective and the recognition of the existence of other ways of seeing reality which was so profound during the Renaissance. In part this is due to the birth of individualism (humanism) that gave way to the appearance of diverse points of view and, by relation, to numerous methods to observe reality. The textual space described in each of the three narrations is essentially a product of what the narrators have chosen to perceive and define, and, thus, their narrations become products of their own subjugation to particular social, political or economic interests. Hence, although each narrator believes he is acting freely, he really only enjoys the illusion of autonomy. Instead, his actions are hidden behind a manipulation of cognitive maps that the reader cannot immediately discern, an exploitation of textual space that shapes the narrator and his story, and which ultimately defines anew the very space he has set out to describe. 9 Cartografi'as imaginarias: la creacion de espacios utopicos en el Lazarillo de Tormes, el Quijote y la Relacion de Cabeza de Vaca El objetivo de mi tesis es el analisis de la produccion y representacion del espacio social, mental y ffsico a traves de la cartografia cognitiva en tres obras representativas de la literatura de los siglos XVI y XVII producida en Espana; La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades (1554), la "Historia del cautivo" incluida en la primera parte del Quijote (1605) y la Relacion de Alvar Nufiez Cabeza de Vaca (1542). Se estudiara como la relacion de los narradores analizados con las circunstancias que les rodean es construida por medio de mapas cognitivos y, como se analizara mas adelante, son estos mapas cognitivos, a traves de su descodificacion en simbolos, los unicos capaces de representar el espacio al que el narrador pertenece. Asimismo, la manera en