2012 Special Programs Monographs Sino-American International Research Forum June 1-2, 2012 Guangxi Normal University Guilin, P.R. China Race, Gender & Sexuality Research Forum June 28-30, 2012 Swan & Dolphin Hotel Orlando, Florida NAHLS Eastern Regional Meeting September 20-23, 2012 Swan & Dolphin Hotel Orlando, Florida Papers included in this publication represent select presentations from special conferences/events held in 2012 by the National Association of African American Studies, the National Association of Hispanic and Latino Studies, the National Association of Native American Studies, and the International Association of Asian Studies. Those events include: Sino-American International Research Forum June 1-2, 2012 Guangxi Normal University Guilin, P.R. China Race, Gender & Sexuality Research Forum June 28-30, 2012 Swan & Dolphin Hotel Orlando, Florida NAHLS Eastern Regional Meeting September 20-23, 2012 Swan & Dolphin Hotel Orlando, Florida Information from this publication may not be reproduced without approval from the national organization. Copyright 2012© NAAAS & Affiliates c/o Lemuel Berry, Jr., Ph.D. Executive Director PO Box 6670 Scarborough, ME 04070-6670 [email protected] www.naaas.org www.facebook.com/naaasaffiliates TABLE OF CONTENTS Race in the Study of International Relations and World Politics: Implications for Research in the 21st Century Walton Brown-Foster ........................................................................................................................ 1 Undocumented Immigrant Narratives: A View from the Banks of the Southern Rio Grande John A. Cook .................................................................................................................................. 30 Exploring the Concept of Gender Entrapment: An Examination of the Link between African American Women’s Elevated Vulnerability to Both Victimization and Offending Miltonette Olivia Craig .................................................................................................................... 42 Los Desaparecidos: Ethical Implications of United States Immigration Policy (or Lack Thereof) Joseph Farrell .................................................................................................................................. 56 Inquisición, Chocolate y Café: Un Manuscrito Del Siglo XVII Mabel González Quiroz ................................................................................................................... 92 The Impact of Migration on African-American Women: A Retrospective Carolyn E. Gross ......................................................................................................................... 108 Ride to Glory, Ride and Sing! William Franklin Gross .................................................................................................................. 134 La Creacion del Sujeto Colonial Cristiano Contrarreformista en Los Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez de Siguenza y Góngora Iván Hernández Torres ................................................................................................................... 150 Deconstructing Trayvon Martin: Helping Prospective Teachers Read between the Lines as They Confront Class in the Classroom and Teach Social Justice Edward L. Hill and Gregory Green ................................................................................................. 163 Looking Beyond “Los Ojos De Cristal”: Vision and [In]Sight in “La Vieja” by Caterina Albert I Paradís [Victor Català] Joan M. Hoffman ........................................................................................................................... 176 Teacher-Educators Making Connections Through the Use of International Children Literature Evornia Kincaid. ........................................................................................................................... 185 Chinese Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Interaction in a Canadian Secondary School Setting Dongmei Li ................................................................................................................................... 202 An Examination of the H-2A Guest Worker Program in Relation to Two Public Policy Models: Implications for Higher Education Land-Grant Institutions Pamela D. Moore and Kimberly K. Powell ................................................................................ 234 i Austin Tan Cerca de la Frontera and the Struggle to Redefine the Border Paradigm Charles I. Rand .............................................................................................................................. 270 The Interrelationship between African American Culture and American Culture Joanne Sadler .............................................................................................................................. 291 Latina Literature: the Re-Envision of History through Fiction, Myths, and Personal Stories Virginia Shen ................................................................................................................................ 313 Health Literacy in a Salinas Valley Rural Latino Population, and Its Ramifications on Chronic Disease Health Care Delivery: Results of a Patient Survey John E. Silva ................................................................................................................................. 329 One Nation under Two Gods: America’s Continuing Theological Dilemma Harry Singleton ............................................................................................................................. 338 Gender and Diversity Trends of BS Engineering Graduates Robert W. Whalin and Qing Pang ................................................................................................... 351 A Comparison of Advanced Beginner Courses in Spanish John M. Zyck, Jr. ........................................................................................................................... 372 Spanish Programs at HBCUs John M. Zyck, Jr. ........................................................................................................................... 380 Index ........................................................................................................................................... 391 ii RACE IN THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS: ST IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH IN THE 21 CENTURY WALTON BROWN-FOSTER, PHD CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT Race in the Study of International Relations and World Politics: Implications for Research in the 21st Century The purpose of this paper is to present portions of my ongoing research and writing project. It is the continuation of a discussion about the role and significance of the concept of race in the study of world politics and international relations among some scholars. The paper begins with the supposition that race as a concept, whether socio-politically, environmentally or genetically defined has heuristic value in studies of relations between nation-states and structures of power in the international system. Race illuminates a dimension of international relations that is obfuscated by other concepts such as class, ideology, nation, ethnicity and culture. Race has and continues to play an observable role in national immigration policies, regional and supranational integration, and foreign military interventions. The concept of race, in conjunction with that of ethnicity, sometimes corresponds to the outbreak and resolution of conflicts, especially civil wars, revolutions, insurgencies, interstate wars, secessionist conflicts, and major human rights abuses. Race is a major variable in patterns of global labor migration. Race, in conjunction with gender, illuminates the international distribution of labor—who owns, who produces, and in the case of human trafficking, who is sold and who is not. Racial classification of populations correlates significantly with patterns of immigration, but most importantly, the level and rate of immigrant social acceptance, assimilation, political and economic integration. Race was an element and tool manipulated in Cold War politics as well as the politics leading up to and during both major world wars. It was especially relevant to the creation and legitimization of the network of post-world war international organizations. The concept of “white” racial supremacy in the international system was not only institutionalized but 2 unabashedly promoted by the major nation-state actors throughout most of the 20th century. Many believe that the formal end of the South African Apartheid regime in 1994 brought an end to the last remaining formal governmental edifice of racial supremacy. Race was integral to 20th century global civil society movements that eventually laid the foundations for the current international human rights regime. The politics of race during the eras of imperialism, decolonization, the 20th century’s American civil rights movement, and the collapse of the Apartheid state somewhat restructured international and traditional norms about concepts of racial hierarchy, racial domination. The values of racial equality, racial reconciliation and racial justice became universally accepted and founding principles of the United Nations. Several recent events and trends in the international system, at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, alert us to the need to continue raising questions about the role and meaning