New York University College of Arts and Science Student Research A JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH VOLUME XVIII, 2014 Abstracts INQUIRYin Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences INQUIRY: A Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume XVIII, 2014 College of Arts and Science, New York University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The College of Arts and Science wishes to thank the contributors to the Dean’s Undergraduate Research Fund for their generosity in establishing the following scholarships to support undergraduate research projects: Ronald Abramson Research Scholarship Dr. Milton Goldstein, D.D.S Research Drs. Mayank and Amita Patel Research Harold Akselrad Research Scholarship Scholarship Scholarship Angelica Foundation Research Scholarship Jeffrey Gould Research Scholarship in Wilfred L. and Ruth S. F. Peltz Research Samuel E. Q. Ashley Research Scholarship American Politics Scholarship Giuseppe Astorina Research Scholarship Marion Cohen Griffel Research Scholarship Sidney Probst Research Scholarship Count Lorenzo Attolico di Adelfia Research Susan and Robert Grossman Research Pudding Hill Research Scholarship Scholarship Scholarship Marie and Anthony Rao Research Scholarship William B. Baer Research Scholarship Eileen Guggenheim Research Scholarship Lydia R. Reeve Research Scholarship Bailey Family Research Scholarship Russell and Diana Hawkins Research Joseph A. Rice Research Scholarship Dr. Charles Barbiere Research Scholarship Scholarship Richard Robins Entrepreneurial Research Mary Rudie Barneby Research Scholarship Hirschfeld Family Research Scholarship Scholarship Joel and Shari Beckman Research Scholarship Heights Alumni Association Research Daniel A. and Amy L. Rock Research Frances and Benjamin Benenson Research Scholarship Scholarship Scholarship Holten Family Research Scholarship Peggy and Bernard Sakin Research Peter Bergmann Research Scholarship Joseph Jerome Research Scholarship Scholarship Herman Berkman Undergraduate Research Thomas Kane Research Scholarship in English Salant Family Research Initiative in Pre-Health Scholarship June Schlesinger Katz International Research Studies Steffi Berne Research Scholarship Scholarship Ravi and Nalni Saligram Research Scholarship Max Bronner Research Scholarship Dr. Evan and Brooke Kaye Research Mary L. Santirocco Research Scholarship Roger and Beth Carlton Research Scholarship Scholarship Schachter Family Research Scholarship Max and Cecil (Steuer) Chesin Research Jurate Kazikas Research Scholarship Julie C. Schiefflin Research Scholarship Scholarship James Koch Research Scholarship Robert Selander Research Scholarship Nathan and Sarah Chesin & Bernard and Myron Kove Research Scholarship James A. Shea Research Scholarship Mollie Steuer Research Scholarship Kringstein Family Research Scholarship Sigal Family Research Scholarship The Collaborate Dean’s Undergraduate Joan Kupersmith Larkin Research Scholarship Seena and George Silbert Research Research Scholarship Howard Levene (WSC ’41) Research Scholarship College of Arts and Science Parents Research Scholarship Larry and Klara Silverstein Research Scholarship Barnet and Phyllis Liberman Research Scholarship Tory Dent Research Scholarship in Creative Scholarship J. S. Sinclair Research Scholarship Writing Liebman Family Research Scholarship Jack Sitt Research Scholarship Nathan Ende Research Scholarship John and Julia Lindsey Research Scholarship Dr. Dorothy A. Starr Research Scholarship Benjamin P. B. and Fannie L. G. Feldman Linn-Cohen Family Research Scholarship Drs. Aaron A. and Francine M. Stein Family Research Scholarship Walter and Phyllis Loeb Research Scholarship Research Scholarship Norman M. and Ann C. Feldman Research Philip Alfred Lotz Research Scholarship Joan C. Suttles Research Scholarship Scholarship George Maker Research Scholarship Swartz Family Research Scholarship Sidney Feldshuh and Lillian Kaplan Feldshuh Rose and Barry McInerney Research Daniel A. Swick Research Scholarship Research Scholarship Scholarship Varet Family Research Scholarship Nicholas and Andrea Ferrara Research William J. McKeon Research Scholarship Shirley Schmones Wallach Research Scholarship Dr. Aston McLaughlin Research Scholarship Scholarship John G. Fleming Research Scholarship Nicole and Joseph Meyer Research Washington Square College Class of ’42 Robert A. Fowkes Research Scholarship Scholarship Research Scholarship in Humanities Sylvia Engel Friedman Research Scholarship Miller Family Research Scholarship Herman J. Wechsler Research Scholarship in Samuel and Lilyan Frome Research Kurt M. Mislow Research Encouragement Fine Arts Scholarship Scholarship Howard M. Weisberg Family Research Arthur Frommer Research Scholarship for Mortimer J. Natkins Memorial Research Scholarship Travel and Global Studies Scholarship William F. Weld Research Scholarship in Hugh and Geraldine Fryer Research The New York Community Trust Murray Ancient Studies Scholarship in Classics Hidary Research Scholarship Horace Wendorf Research Scholarship Dr. Molly S. Geller Research Scholarship Arthur Noulas Research Scholarship Ellie and David Werber Research Scholarship Daniel Getman and Leonard Marker Memorial S. Okamura Research Scholarship in Social Science Research Scholarship Ariel and Alaleh Ostad Research Scholarship Arthur L. Wolf Research Scholarship Joseph Gilbride Research Scholarship Anonymous Donors Sidney and Judith Kranes Charitable Trust Beta Chapter of New York, Phi Beta Kappa INQUIRY • VOLUME 18, 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION G. Gabrielle Starr, Research as Educational Paradigm................................................................................................................13 FACULTY PERSPECTIVE Shara Bailey, Keep your eye on the road and not the mountain that lies ahead....................................................................................14 HUMANITIES Funmi Akinnawonu, What is Terrorism? An Analysis of the Relationship Between Terrorism, Political Violence, and Humanity......................................................................................................................................................................14 Samuel Alfieri,Cross-language Speech Perception and Foreign Language Acquisition: Adult Perception of Thai and Mandarin Tonal Contrasts by Native and Mandarin-learning American English Speakers...........................................................17 Conor Almquist, Stoicism and Imperial Philosophy in Trajan’s Empire*...............................................................18 Jade Bettine, Intimate Association...is a Thing of Horror: Interracial Relationships, Rioting, and Anticolonialism in 1919 Britain*...............................................................................................................................................................18 Dominique Bouavichith, Segmental and Prosodic Effects on Intervocalic Voiceless Stop Lenition in Connected Speech*...........18 Amelia Brackett, Foundations for the Sky: The North American Federal Scientists Behind the Migratory Bird Treaty of 1916*........18 Alexander Bruski, I Moti del Cilento del 1828: The Cilentan Uprisings and Their Role in the Italian Risorgimento*.........19 James Carr, SECRET: The Leaking and Withholding of Classified Information in America*..........................................19 Junhao Chen, Woyzeck Revisited: Beyond A Foucauldian Approach*...........................................................................................19 Anaiis Cisco, Turning On and Off the Post Racial Gaze............................................................................................................20 Lea Clay, Cante Jondo: Written and Danced through the Choreography of Lorca and Graham......................................20 Carley Clement, On the Altar of Politics: Pope Francis in the Argentine Press*......................................................................20 James Clements, Because She Was One of Us: Princess Diana and the Transformation of Nobility in Late Twentieth Century Britain*.........................................................................................................................................................20 Christopher Corbo, A World By Itself: Geography, Otherness, and Hybridity in Shakespeare’s Cymbeline........................21 Meredith D’Angelo, Out of Control: Sexual Danger and Female Adolescent Desire in Charlotte Temple, Forever..., and the Twilight Series*......................................................................................................................................21 Kelcie Des Jardins, Haunted Houses, Haunted Texts: Threatening Deviant Women and their Ghost-Children in the Victorian Domestic Sphere..............................................................................................................22 Claire Duleba, Purifying the Pharaoh: The Case for Pharonic Legitimation through Religious Art, and the Evolution of a Centralized Formal Egyptian Style*.............................................................................................................................22 Irakli Eliashvili, Language of Chaos.........................................................................................................................22 Jane Excell, The Humor of Samuel Beckett*........................................................................................................22 Christopher Gellert, A Study in Simultaneous Authorship.....................................................................................23