Modeling of Structural Damage of Older Reinforced Concrete Components Catherine Ann Pagni A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering University of Washington 2003 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Table of Contents List of Figures.................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................ vii Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and Research Impetus........................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Objectives.................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Thesis Organization .................................................................................................. 3 Chapter Two: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 6 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Damage Measures..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Experimental Data .................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Specimen Design Details ................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Interior Joint Specimens .................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Exterior Joint Specimens ................................................................................. 11 2.3.4 Influence Factors for Behavior Variation ........................................................ 13 2.4 Methods of Repair................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Predicting Damage as a Function of Demand......................................................... 17 2.5.1 Fragility Curves ............................................................................................... 17 2.5.2 Testing goodness-of-fit .................................................................................... 18 2.5.3 Distribution Selection ...................................................................................... 19 2.5.4 Method of Maximum Likelihood..................................................................... 23 2.6 Loss Estimation....................................................................................................... 24 Chapter Three: Damage Measures.................................................................................... 26 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 26 3.2 Damage Measures................................................................................................... 26 3.2.1 Progression of Damage.................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Damage States.................................................................................................. 27 i 3.3 Cracking.................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.1 Damage State 0 ................................................................................................ 28 3.3.2 Damage State 1 ................................................................................................ 29 3.3.3 Damage States 2, 3, and 5................................................................................ 29 3.3.4 Damage State 9 ................................................................................................ 30 3.4 Concrete Spalling and Crushing ............................................................................. 31 3.4.1 Damage State 6 ................................................................................................ 31 3.4.2 Damage State 8 ................................................................................................ 32 3.4.3 Damage State 10 .............................................................................................. 33 3.4.4 Damage State 11 .............................................................................................. 33 3.5 Joint Failure Mechanisms ....................................................................................... 34 3.5.1 Damage State 12(a).......................................................................................... 34 3.5.2 Damage State 12(b).......................................................................................... 35 3.5.3 Damage State 12(c).......................................................................................... 35 3.6 Strength-based Damage Measures.......................................................................... 35 3.6.1 Damage State 4 ................................................................................................ 36 3.6.2 Damage State 7 ................................................................................................ 36 3.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 38 Chapter Four: Engineering Demand Parameters and Experimental Data ........................ 40 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 40 4.2 Experimental Data .................................................................................................. 40 4.2.1 Type of Joint .................................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Identify Data Points ......................................................................................... 41 4.3 Engineering Demand Parameters............................................................................ 41 4.3.1 Drift Ratio ........................................................................................................ 42 4.3.2 Number of Cycles ............................................................................................ 43 4.3.3 Nonlinear Function of the Drift and Cycles..................................................... 44 4.3.4 Joint Strain ....................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 46 ii Chapter Five: Methods of Repair...................................................................................... 47 5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 47 5.2 Repair of Damage Measures................................................................................... 47 5.3 Method of Repair 0: Cosmetic Repair .................................................................... 48 5.3.1 Demolition ....................................................................................................... 48 5.3.2 Finish Work ..................................................................................................... 48 5.4 Method of Repair 1: Epoxy Resin Injection of Cracked Concrete ......................... 49 5.4.1 Epoxy Resin..................................................................................................... 49 5.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages........................................................................ 50 5.5 Method of Repair 2: Patching of Spalled Concrete ................................................ 50 5.5.1Cementitious Material....................................................................................... 50 5.5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages........................................................................ 51 5.6 Method of Repair 3: Removal and Replacement of Damaged Concrete................ 51 5.6.1 New Concrete and Formwork.......................................................................... 51 5.6.2 Shoring............................................................................................................. 51 5.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages........................................................................ 51 5.7 Method of Repair 4: Removal and Replacement of Damaged Rebar..................... 52 5.7.1 New Rebar ....................................................................................................... 52 5.7.2 Shoring............................................................................................................. 52 5.7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages........................................................................ 52 Chapter Six: Predicting Damage as a Function of Demand ............................................. 54 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 54 6.2 Data Sets ................................................................................................................. 54 6.2.1 Data Set One