Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 17 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019) Hygienic aspects of classes with children of primary school age in sports and health improvement groups for cross-country skiing Toma Zh.V., Grigorieva O.D., Mironova E.V., Penza State University Penza State University Penza State University Penza, Russian Federation Penza, Russian Federation Penza, Russian Federation [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] account hygienic factors that both appear as an integral Abstract. The article is devoted to the training of part of physical education and perform an independent children involved in cross-country skiing in sports and function. The importance of this approach to PE classes health improvement groups. Result-oriented training with children of primary school age indicates the need to without due attention to load in accordance with analyze the programs of cross-country skiing and to hygienic standards does not provide the necessary identify the general trend that guides trainers in their effect. Hygienic requirements in the physical education work with students. Hygienic requirements in the of children have been established for a long time but physical education of children have been established for need to be revised due to the active involvement of a long time but need to be revised due to the active children below the age required for starting sports. This involvement of children below the age required for situation is observed everywhere, including skiing. The starting sports. This situation is observed everywhere, article analyzes the training programs for sports and including skiing [1-3]. health improvement groups in cross-country skiing In physical education, hygiene factors play one of the based on hygienic requirements, training requirements, important roles, and this is due to the fact that hygiene etc. The article discusses the requirements to requirements govern all aspects of physical exercises. scientifically based hygienic standards for training in Hygiene means combine nonspecific means of physical sports and health improvement groups, since for many education, which experts are divided into two groups: aspects they are generally absent, and existing means that accompany physical education and means that standards are focused on initial training groups. Thus, have become part of practical exercises [4; 5]. This these standards are not fully applicable for solving the implies compliance with the hygienic standards for problems of sports and health improvement groups and conducting classes and matching the selected means and providing the necessary quality of training. methods with the physiological and psychological characteristics of a particular age. The need to comply with hygiene requirements is determined by the fact that Key words: ski training; sports and health skiing refers to cyclic work of various intensity [6; 7]. improvement groups; primary school children; hygiene During the distance, the load on the body is determined requirements; training modes; regulatory by the length and type of the route, meteorological requirements. conditions, speed, and the preparedness of those I. INTRODUCTION involved. In SHI groups, the need to observe anatomical, physiological and age-related psychological The sports and health improvement stage has become characteristics, as well as hygienic requirements for an integral part of the training of future athletes in a clothes, equipment, weather conditions, load, training number of sports schools. By solving the problems of method, etc. is an important element of the general health improvement and the formation of interest in mechanism on which the effectiveness of skiing in the physical education and sports, this stage creates a sports SHI groups is based. Moreover, it is equally important to reserve from those children who choose sports. Their analyze the content of the programs, as the ratio of the success is determined by taking into account the parts of the program is important for the physical organizational and pedagogical conditions of the development of the child affecting the quality of educational process. However, the requirements for the movement technique and providing the basis for organization and content of classes at this stage have a motivation for further studies of this type. number of contradictions, which are not always clearly regulated by corresponding acts. This results in certain II. MATERIALS AND METHODS difficulties in achieving the goals set by the authors of sports programs at the sports and health improvement stage. The solution of both health and development The inclusion of the sports and health improvement problems involves creating a system of classes in sports phase as a stage of training athletes is indicated in the order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation and health improvement groups (SHI), taking into Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 275 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 17 dd. October 24, 2012 N 325 “On Methodological each stage of sports training have certain requirements, Recommendations for the Organization of Sports which are presented in Table 2. Training in the Russian Federation”, in which this stage is a part of sports training. SHI groups are created on the TABLE II. MODES OF TRAINING AND basis of additional programs and are implemented for REQUIREMENTS FOR SHI GROUPS children and adults within the time period established by Recom Min Max Requir the organization in agreement with the founder (the Max Ann mended numbe numbe ement recommended volume is 36 weeks per year). Moreover, Min hour ual number r of r of s for these groups do not belong to additional preprofessional Group age, s per load, of people people physic programs and sports training programs [8–11]. To assess years wee hour people per per al compliance with hygiene standards when organizing k s per group group fitness cross-country skiing in the SHI groups, we analyzed the group programs drawn up for these cross-country skiing groups SHI 8-18 6 312 10 12-15 30 genera (Table 1). l physic TABLE I. ADDITIONAL SKI TRAINING al PROGRAMS IN SPORTS AND HEALTH fitness IMPROVEMENT GROUPS standa Time spent for different parts rds of the program (%) № Content 1 In SHI groups, the maximum amount of training load 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 per group per week can be reduced, but not more than 1 Theory 2,4 – 5,3 2,6 5,4 6,7 7,1 3,5 2,9 5,6 6,3 4,7 10% of the annual volume and no more than 2 hours a General physical 41, 75, 38, week with the possibility of increasing during the 2 55,4 56,4 61,5 55,3 36,9 64,5 37,3 55,8 55,4 fitness 8 7 2 vacation period, but not more than 25% of the annual Special physical 20, 19, training volume. The duration of one training session is 3 21,4 19,4 32,5 – 18,8 12,5 18,8 18,2 23,5 17,3 fitness 5 8 calculated in academic hours, taking into account the age 12, 13, 34 21,4 12,7 – 4,7 8,4 12,4 13,5 11,6 14,3 4 Technique and tactics 8 5 of participants. One academic hour for students from 7 5 Control exercises – 0,9 4,8 – 4,8 5,9 – 3,5 1,4 5,6 1,4 1,8 years and older is 45 minutes, the recommended number 6 Competitions – 0,9 – 1,9 – – 3,5 – – 5,6 – – of classes 2 times per week for 2 hours [12-15]. 7 Medical examination 1,3 – 1,4 1,5 1,3 1,6 1,2 0,6 – 1,6 1,4 1,8 A necessary hygienic factor is the rational daily Health improvement regimen of students. This creates the basis for the activity 14, – – – – – – 34,6 – 12,6 – 4,7 and recovery of the body and leads to an increase in 8 camps and individual 3 work sports performance. Table 1 showed that the ratio between the number of 9 Recovery means – – – – – – 4,7 – – – – – Instructor and referee hours and the number of weeks for classes per year was 10 – – – – – – 4,7 – – – – – training not always an integer. Thus, the overall picture showed 31 the insufficient development of lesson planning for 52 weeks (hour) 312 312 312 To 2 children in SHI groups. 46 weeks (hour) 103 166 276 276 208 tal In SHI groups with children of primary school age, it 36 weeks (hour) 252 252 252 is important to observe all the conditions that ensure a positive result, whether it is an increase in the level of Note. 1 - Ishim sports school No 1, Ishim, Tyumen physical preparedness or health status. Planning the region; 2 – Vostok Sports School, Tula; 3 - Youth Sports content of classes plays an exceptional role. School of the Yarkovsky Municipal District, Yarkovo, Unfortunately, the content of classes in SHI groups is Yarkovsky district, Tyumen region; 4 – Baikalsk sports determined by additional programs implemented in school, Slyudyansky district, Irkutsk region; 5 – Sports physical education and sports, and the requirements of School № 1, Danilov, Yaroslavl region; 6 – Sports federal standards for sports training do not apply to School, Chastye, Perm Krai; 7 – Sports School, classes in these groups. Classes in ski training at a sports Priuralsky district, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District; school are part of a ski racing training program and are 8 - Sports School, Yevlashevo, Kuznetsk district, Penza developed independently by the trainer. region; 9 - Sports School, Tashtagol, Kemerovo region; As can be seen from the table, the approximate 10 - Seltinskaya Youth School, Seltinskiy District, content of the programs varies enough in hours.