VARIATIONS OF DOG LOCK FOUND ON SCOTTISH FIREARMS. 211 III. LOCG VARIATIONDO K E FOUNTH N SCOTTISF O DO S H FIRE- ARMS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. BY CHARLES E. WHITELAW, F.I.ABCHTS.SCOT., F.S.A.ScoT. During the last few years I have had the opportunity of examining some rare example f Scottisso h firearm e latteth f e sevenso r th hal f o f- teenth century, belongin typa o gt e tha I hav tt beeno en abl deao et l with sufficiently in my past writings on this subject. I refer to those weapons fitted wit hLockg whaDo .s knowe i t Beforth s a n e going into details, I would draw attention to the subjoined list showing the types of lock fitted to Scottish firearms from the sixteenth to e earlth y nineteenth centuries o shot ,e relativwth e positioe th f o n Lockg limitatione Do th , periof o s d being base daten do d examples. The Early Snaphance Lock . Sixteenth century to about 1686 The Late „ „ From about 1647 „ 1702 The Dog Lock .... „ 1665 „ 1700 The Flint Lock .... „ 1700 „ 1820 e earlLocg Thth eDo s yki for f Flinmo t Lock. According dateo t d specimens s introducewa t i , d into Scotland abou e yeath t r 1665,d an 1 displaces fullwa e th yy db develope d Flint Lock abou yeae th t r 1700. s immediatIt e predecesso e Latth es Snaphancwa r e Lock (fig. 1) . This lock consists of the lock-plate (L), to which is attached, externally, the pan (P), with a fence (F); over the pan is a sliding pan-cover (PC), d abovan e thie steeth s l (ST)e coc ) hold Th e k.(C flin th s t between two jaws, which are closed by a pin2 screwed through the lower jaw. The spindle (SP) is forged on the cock, the tumbler (T) slips on to the spindle and is secured by a nut or driving-pin, but there is no bridle to steady the spindle and reduce friction. When at full cock (therhalo n fs ei cock e coce breasth ) th hels ki y f thdb o t e sear (S), working horizontally, which springs over a flange (FL) on the tumble rpressin n (T)O . e triggegth r (TR e sea )th s withdraw i r n from contact wit tumblere e cochth th k d fallsan , , strikin e flinth g t violently against the steel, thereby generating the spark that ignites the powder n Englis1A h example dated 164 s 7illustratei n Europeani d Hand Firearmse th f o 15th, Wth, and 17th Centuries, by H. J. Jackson and C. E. Whitelaw (fig. 49). 1 "Pine terth m s i "applie a gunmake y db a scre o t rw tha screwes i t d into metad an l therefore does not require a point; he only calls it a " screw " when it is screwed into wood and therefore has a point. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 13, 1925. pane n fallingiI nth . e cocth , k pushes bac e pan-coveth k meany b r s of a small rod (R) inside the lock and connected with the tumbler (T), e samth an t ea d tim e fline strokth th e t f o e throwsteel th p ,u s thus exposing the priming to the sparks. Other parts of the lock are the steel spring (STS), the pan-cover spring (PS), the pan-cover swivel (PSV) e main-sprinth , g (MS) sear-sprine th , g (SS) e sear-luth , g (SL)d an , the comb of cock (CB). Snaphance Locks hav e importaneth t defec f havino t provisioo gn n for placin e loc th t ghala k othey f an cock rr devicno , e wherebe yth weapon o whict s he carrie b the e fittey ar yd ma d with safety, when loade d prime an dd read an r dimmediat fo y e use. This defecs i t accentuate e facth t y b thad t these early firearms, almost without exception, have no trigger-guard. The only way to avoid a premature discharge was to turn back the steel so that, should the trigger be pressed accidentally, the flint could not come into contact with it. The pan, however, would be uncovered by the fall of the cock and probably require repriming. The Dog Lock shows a considerable advance on the system which t i superseded e introductioth y o importanb , tw f o n t improvements. Th e provisio firsth s i contrivanca t f no r puttinefo e loc gth t halk a f t loc mechanise no k th s thi d a cock sdi t bu , m securely, ther s addeewa d a small outside safety-catch acting s directlthie i cock th t s I n . o y outside safety-catch which is the distinguishing feature of the Dog Lock secone e combinatioth Th .s i d e pan-cove e th stee th f o n l d an r to form one piece. Scottisn I h firearms ther three ear e distinc Lockg Do ,t e typeth f o s which will be described in their chronological sequence as Types I., II., and III. Type e I.— earliesth e cocThis th s i ks t ha typ t I e . (fig2) . simila n fore lati r th o thamt e f o snaphanct e . (figBehin1) . e th d cock is a long safety-catch (SC) swung on a pin and formed with a hook-shaped extremit e coco grit yth e rea a kpnotcf th o r n i h above the level of the spindle. The pan has a fence of circular form, similar to that of the late snaphance but less in diameter. The pan-covee stee e th combine ar le piecd on forginan y rb e n i d g the pan-cover on to the lower extremity of the steel. The spindle and e cocpiecee e forgeth tumblee ar on k th ,n i d r beine g th slippe o t n do r driving-pino spindl t d secure nu tumblee an ea Th y d. b s formei r d wite top th n a fronhi spu , f n whice o o sear t th e nos rth f ho e working horizontally, catches whe e coc th ns drawi k n bac o halt k f cockcoce theTh s ki . n drawn back slightle safety-catcth d yan h clipped into plac handy eb . Whe e coc nth s draw ki n bac fulo kt l coc kflanga e VARIATION LOCG DO K F FOUNO S SCOTTISN DO H FIREARMS. 213 o0 <K> Q g cy o . o u <UJ ZO ^00 o PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 192513 L . towards the rear of the sear slips over a flange on the tumbler to the rear of the spur; at the same time the back of the cock throws the safety-catch out of gear. Pressure on the trigger disengages the sear from contact with the tumbler, and allows the head of the cock to fall forward and bring the flint forcibly into contact with the steel, which is thereby thrown up, exposing the priming to the sparks. The earliest example on this system so far known is dated 1665, and is in the collection of Mr N. R. Colville, F.S.A.Scot. It is similar o figt . 2,thn i 1 e same collection s fittepistoa i d o t d an l, wit hsteea l stocheart-shapea kand d butt. smalA 2 l pisto thilof s typ illustrateeis d in fig. 5. Type II.—In this typ eexterioe (figth ) 3 . r differs from tha f Typo t e I., in tha e circuladons i th t n e pa awar e fenc th safetye y o th withet d -an , catch is smaller and different in form, and clips into a notch in the lowe re cock th edg f , o ebelo e spindle e th leveinterioe w th f o Th l . r mechanism differs from Type I.havinn ,i e seagth r extende projeco dt t through a square aperture near the top of the lock-plate and grip the brease cockth f ,o t instea tumblere th spua f n do o r t hala , f cocke Th . cock is then lowered slightly and the safety-catch slipped into place by hand. Whe e coc th ns draw ki n bac fulo kt l cock e flangth , e towards e sea th e rea rf th o slipr se ove th e tumblere flang t th th a r n d o e an , same e timcoc e bacth th kef o kthrow e safety-catcth s f gearo t .ou h Pressure on the trigger disconnects the sear from contact with the tumbler, and withdraws the nose of the sear to within the lock. There is only one specimen of this type in existence so far as I can learn. s signei t I d Thomas caddell s fitte i pistoa 1678 d o t df rathean ,o l r rude workmanship with a steel stock and scroll butt. It is preserved in the Museum at Neuchatel, Switzerland. It will be noticed that the nose of the sear is set at right angles to form the stop for the cock which, being rectangular in section, does not hencd necessitan e , eth gria it t f pallo o r sea ge e ynosfo e th o wrt th f eo the safety-catch.