Overseas Fieldwork Report 2006 Kampot Province, Cambodia March 2007 Graduate School of International Development Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan Overseas Fieldwork Report 2006 Kampot City, Kampot Province, Cambodia Copyright @ 2007 Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan 464-8601 http://www.gsid.nagoya-u.ac.jp/ Introduction The fifteenth Overseas Fieldwork Program (OFW 2006) of the Graduate School of International Development (GSID) at Nagoya University was carried out in Kampot Province of Cambodia from 31 August to 14 September 2006. This is the second OFW conducted in Cambodia, following one in Takeo Province in the last year. Both OFWs were successful, thanks largely to the cooperation we received from the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP). Eight students and four faculty members of RUPP participated in OFW 2006 and extended generous support and advice on the local conditions. On the part of GSID, five faculty members and 33 students participated, with additional seven students taking part as assistants in Nagoya and Cambodia. Participants were divided into four working groups: income generation (WG1), microfinance (WG2), education and health (WG3), and migration (WG4). The working groups conducted fieldwork in four villages in Kampong Trach District of Kampot Province. In the course of fieldwork students learned that many issues confronting the lives of the villagers were interrelated. At the end of fieldwork they shared their observations with the villagers and local authorities in order to get their feedback. Before going to Cambodia, students were required to take courses in preparatory lectures and fieldwork methods. The Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development provided Project Cycle Management (PCM) courses, while Nevka Company offered a one-day workshop on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The preparatory lectures included a video conference on public health and migration connecting GSID and RUPP. The second video conference was organised between the two institutions to exchange views on the final outcomes of the studies. The present volume is a collection of the final reports written by the four working groups. Acknowledgements The OFW Committee 2006 is indebted to many individuals and institutions both in Cambodia and Japan. Above all, we are grateful to the people of Kampot Province. Our special thanks are due to villagers of the four villages we studied. The Governor and other officials and staff members of the Kampot Province, Kampong Trach District, and Kampong Trach Khang Lech Commune were very helpful and accommodating throughout our stay. We are also grateful to non-governmental, commercial, and community organizations operating in the area which provided us with valuable information. i Faculty members and students of the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) were a crucial link between GSID and the local community. We are particularly grateful to Neth Barom, Vice-Rector of RUPP, Chhinh Sitha, Nith Bunlay, Nhong Hema, Khun Chanmony, Phal Des, and the eight students who participated in the program. Without their cooperation through the entire cycle of the program, it would not have been possible to see it through the end. Our thanks are also due to those who offered preparatory lectures to the program participants: Leng Hor of the Ministry of Health in Cambodia, Bunnak Poch of RUPP, Kenji Yotsumoto of Nagoya Keizai University, Kuong Teilee, Kenjiro Yagura and Ngov Penghuy of Nagoya University. Lastly, we wish to thank those at GSID who extended support to the OFW Committee 2006: Yoshihiko Nishimura, Dean, Kimiaki Takahashi, Atsuko Ohashi, Kenjiro Yagura, Muhtar Fukuda, Yoshihide Kato, Kelsey Lynn Haskins, Sushanthi Arachchige Kuruwita, and Ngov Penghuy among many others. OFW Committee 2006 Sanae Ito (Chair) Yasushi Hirosato Igor Saveliev Takako Suzuki (Coordinator) Kimiaki Takahashi (Collaborating member) ii Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................i List of Participants..........................................................................................................................1 Program of OFW 2006....................................................................................................................3 Preparatory Seminar............................................................................................................................................3 Overall Schedule of Fieldwork in Cambodia ......................................................................................................3 Presentation of Research Findings at Each Research Site...................................................................................4 Presentation of Research Findings through the Video Conference .....................................................................4 Photographs.........................................................................................................................................................5 Background Information on Kampot Province ...........................................................................7 Working Group 1 Seasonal Patterns of Income Generation Activities : O-chroneang village, Kampong Trach Khang Lech commune, Kampong Trach district, Kampot province, Cambodia........ 11 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................12 2. Methodology.................................................................................................................................................13 3. Results ..........................................................................................................................................................16 4. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................22 5. Recommendation..........................................................................................................................................23 Working Group 2 MICROFINANCE : Microfinance Service in Kandal Tuol Village,Kampot Province, Cambodia......................................................................................................................31 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................32 2. Literature review...........................................................................................................................................32 3. Method..........................................................................................................................................................34 4. Results ..........................................................................................................................................................35 5. Analysis and discussion ................................................................................................................................42 6. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................46 iii Working Group 3 Education & Health : Mother’s Utilization of Preventive Health Services .............................49 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................50 2. Conceptual Framework.................................................................................................................................51 3. Methodology.................................................................................................................................................55 4. Results (1) -Supply Side-..............................................................................................................................59 5. Results (2) -Mother’s Side: Focused on Four Factors-.................................................................................62 6. Results (3) -Mother’s Answer of Utilization- ...............................................................................................69 7. Discussion.....................................................................................................................................................71 8. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................74 Working Group 4 MIGRATION : Phnom Saley Village, Kompong Trach Khang Lech Commune, Kompong Trach District, Kampot Province, Cambodia...........................................................77 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................78 2. Migrant Composition....................................................................................................................................80 3. Migration and Social Networks....................................................................................................................84