National Institute for ppearing twice a year, the Intelligence Studies A review aims to place debates in intelligence in an institutional framework and thus facilitating a common understanding and approach I N of the intelligence field at national level. No. 13/ 2015 he target audience ranges from S I T students to professionals, from the general public to those directly involved in intelligence research and practice. ISSN - 2393-1450 ISSN-L - 2393-1450 RISR No. 13/2015 ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE STUDIES R EVIEW “MIHAI VITEAZUL” NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ACADEMY ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE STUDIES REVIEW National Institute for Intelligence Studies 20, Odãi Str. Bucharest 1 - ROMANIA Tel: 00 4021 410 60 65 Fax: 00 4021 402 23 39 e-mail: [email protected] I N EDITURA www.animv.ro S I ANIMV “MIHAI VITEAZUL” NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ACADEMY RRSI, nr. 13/2015 1 ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE STUDIES REVIEW No. 13 June 2015 Journal with scientific prestige acknowledged by the National Council for the Validation of University Titles, Diplomas and Certificates (CNADTCU), indexed in the international databases CEEOL and EBSCO Bucharest - 2015 - RRSI, nr. 13/2015 2 Senior Editors Eduard HELLVIG – director of the Romanian Intelligence Service George Cristian MAIOR – professor, PhD, The “Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy and The National School of Political and Administrative Studies Christopher DONNELLY – senior fellow Defence Academy din Regatul Unit, director al Institute for Statecraft and Governance, Oxford, Marea Britanie Mark PHYTHIAN - professor, University of Leicester, Marea Britanie Ioan Mircea PAŞCU – professor, PhD, The National School of Political and Administrative Studies Vasile DÂNCU – professor, PhD, University of Bucharest, Babeş-Bolyai University and The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Michael ANDREGG – professor, PhD, St. Thomas University, USA Elaine PRESSMAN – senior fellow, Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Canada Jan GOLDMAN – professor, Georgetown University, USA Gheorghe TOMA – professor, PhD, „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Sergiu MEDAR – professor, PhD, „Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu Niculae IANCU – senior lecturer, PhD, The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Cristiana MATEI – Lecturer, Center for Civil-Military Relations din Monterey, SUA Iulian CHIFU – senior lecturer, PhD, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Iulian FOTA – senior lecturer, PhD, The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Marian SEBE – professor, PhD, The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Irena CHIRU – professor, PhD, The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Valentin FILIP – PhD, The „Mihai Viteazul” National Intelligence Academy Board of Reviewing Editors Editor in Chief: PhD Valentin NICULA Editors: PhD Mihaela TEODOR PhD Irena CHIRU PhD Karin MEGHEŞAN PhD Cristina IVAN PhD Aitana BOGDAN PhD Cristian NIŢĂ PhD Codruţ LUCINESCU PhD Valentin STOIAN Teodora DOBRE Sub editor : Alina-Rodica PETRA Cover: Valentin Ionuţ NICULA RRSI, nr. 13/2015 3 CONTENT SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY…………………………………………………..….….. 5 Dragoş VETRESCU SOCIETAL SECURITY ELEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION……….... 7 Laurenţiu HAN NATIONAL SECURITY, INTELLIGENCE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS…………………………… 25 Valentin FILIP THE MAKING OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION AS A REIFICATION OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF SECURITY…………………………………………………………………………. 31 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT………………………………………………………...……. 49 Veronica MIHALACHE THE AFGHAN ISSUE IN A REGIONAL CONTEXT. REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES…………… 51 Liliana COJOCARU THE EVOLUTION AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE SCHENGEN AREA…………………………….. 61 SECURITY STRATEGIES AND POLICIES………………………………………………………………….…. 71 Valentin STOIAN A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE ROMANIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT ON METADATA RETENTION………………………….. 73 Petre UNGUREANU THE USAGE OF TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE MEASURES IN COUNTERING THREATS REGARDING NATIONAL SECURITY……………………………………………………………………………… 85 SECURITY CULTURE AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY……………………………………………………..…… 93 Cristina IVAN ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY TODAY……………………………...……………… 95 Artur JASIŃSKI NEW ARCHITECTURE SECRET SERVICES AND LAW AND ORDER INSTITUTIONS – A PROFILE AND SYSTEMATICS ATTEMPT……………………………………………………………….…….. 98 INTELLIGENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY………………………………………………………….…………. 115 Daniela BACHEŞ INSIGHTS FOR THE CREATION OF A LIAISON CULTURE IN INTELLIGENCE: FROM CO- OPERATION TO COLLABORATION………………………………………………………….…………………….. 117 Aitana BOGDAN COMPLEXITY AND ORDER IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 127 RRSI, nr. 13/2015 4 INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………….………….. 139 Cristina POSAŞTIUC SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM AS KEY CONCEPTUAL FRAME FOR INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………. 141 Valentin Ionuţ NICULA THE EVALUATION OF INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS METHODS AND TECHNIQUES – ANOTHER STEP IN IMPROVING THE INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS PROCESS - ……….………….. 149 Maria Cristina MURARU RELEVANCE TREE – QUALITATIVE– QUANTITATIVE FORECASTING METHOD …..…………. 161 OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT)……………………………………………………………………… 171 Dan MAZARE USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN INTELLIGENCE: THE COMPLEX AND COMPLETE PROBLEM…………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………..…….. 173 Iuliana UDROIU WHERE TO TOMORROW IN A BETTER INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS – FUTURES STUDIES AS A FACILITATOR……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 193 HISTORY AND MEMORY IN INTELLIGENCE………………………………………………………………… 203 Ioan Codruţ LUCINESCU TRANSYLVANIA – STRATEGIC TARGET FOR NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE STRUCTURES DURING THE PERIOD OF NEUTRALITY (1914–1916)…………………………………………………..… 205 REVIEWS AND NOTES………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 221 KLEIN, Naomi THE SHOCK DOCTRINE. THE RISE OF DISASTER CAPITALISM, review by OANA PUIE, 2008…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 223 Review by MIHAI CODRUŢ GHINEA………………………………………………………………………………. 226 Wilhelm Agrell şi Gregory Treverton NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SCIENCE – BEYOND THE GREAT DIVIDE IN ANALYSIS AND POLICY, Oxford University Press, 2015, review by OANA SANDU……………………………. 230 ACADEMIC FOCUS………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 235 SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION. SHARED CHALLENGES, SUSTAINABLE FUTURE (SBSR). THE SECOND EDITION……………………………………………………………………………………… 237 THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION IN INTELLIGENCE……………. 238 „COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM UKRAINE” WORKSHOP, Bucharest, September 28-29, 2015………………………………………………………………………………... 239 INTELLIGENCE IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY XXI, Bucharest, October 16-17, 2015……… 240 CALL FOR PAPER ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE STUDIES REVIEW …………………………………... 241 RISR, no. 13/2015 5 SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY RISR, no. 13/2015 6 SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY RISR, no. 13/2015 7 SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SOCIETAL SECURITY ELEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Dragoş VETRESCU* Abstract: The paper analyses the threats that affect the societal dimension of modern security that are a product of the regionalization and integration movements present in the European Union. Knowing the fact that modern security cannot look at the international arena strictly using state centered lenses and in terms of military threats, the Copenhagen School redesigned (has made was called the broadening and deepening of) the security agenda. The most influential of their ideas was that of the societal dimension of security that refers to, „communities that carry an identity” – called societies. Under the effects of globalization what takes place is a complex process to redefine identities and transform its traditional carriers – the nation states. Looking at Europe, this process also implies regionalization inside the member states. Both of them – integration and regionalization – can generate a series of risks and threats for the member states, risks that are the object of this paper. Keywords: societal security, identity, Copenhagen school The concept of societal security Societal security represents, in Ole Waever’s opinion, ,,the society's ability to subsist in its essential characteristics in fluctuating circumstances and in the fac of possible or present threats” (Waever, Buzan, Kelstrup & Lemaitre, 1993, p. 23). If the State was subject of the military, political, economic or environmental dimensions of modern security, in the case of the societal dimension, it is the society itself whose organizing concept is its identity that is the main subject (Waever, Buzan, Kelstrup & Lemaitre, 1993, p. 26). Its security is threatened when societies perceive a threat in terms of identity (Waever, Buzan, Kelstrup & Lemaitre, 1993, p. 23), i.e. when the “different types of communities, define a trend or a possible threat to their survival as a community” (Buzan, Waever & Wilde, 1998, p. 119). The imperfect state of the overlap between state and * Romanian Intelligence Service, [email protected] RISR, no. 13/2015 8 SECURITY PARADIGMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY society made it possible and necessary to secure identity as a value that must be defended, and allowed the development of the concept of identity security. The need for this security approach is visible in particular in cases in which the State and the societal boundaries do not coincide, for example in the case of threats posed by the State to national minorities