The Anarchist Library (Mirror) Anti-Copyright Escaping Washington for Freedom Let’s not Celebrate George Washington, but the Slaves Who Escaped Him CrimethInc. CrimethInc. Escaping Washington for Freedom Let’s not Celebrate George Washington, but the Slaves Who Escaped Him February 19, 2018 Retrieved on 16th June 2021 from crimethinc.com usa.anarchistlibraries.net February 19, 2018 Databases • Founding Fathers • Geography of Slavery in Virginia 47 • The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500–2000, edited by Karen Racine & Beatriz Gallotti Mamigonian • Waging Life • Dixie Be Damned: 300 Years of Insurrection in the American Contents South, Neal Shirley & Saralee Stafford Some Background ...................... 7 Marie Joseph Angélique George Washington’s Youth . 12 • The Hanging of Angélique: The Untold Story of Canadian Washington Becomes a Planter and Politician . 14 Slavery and the Burning of Old Montréal](aboulder.com), The Tide of Revolution ................... 25 Afua Cooper The War of Independence Concludes, The War on Slaves Continues ....................... 30 Oney Judge After the Revolution: The Reaction . 32 After Washington ...................... 40 • The Escape of Oney Judge: Martha Washington’s Slave Finds The Dollar Bill: A Postscript . 44 Freedom, Emily Arnold McCully The Kris Thompson Legal Fund . 45 Ferguson Prisoners . 45 Mary Monroe “Mol” Bowden Further Reading ....................... 45 Marie Joseph Angélique . 46 • Notes And Documents of Free Persons of Color: Four Hundred Oney Judge ....................... 46 Years of An American Family’s History, Anita Wills Mary Monroe “Mol” Bowden . 46 Harry .......................... 46 Harry Hercules ........................ 46 • Washington’s Revolution (Harry that is, not George) Databases ........................ 47 • George Washington’s Runaway Slave, Harry Hercules • Hercules: Master of cuisine, slave of Washington • A Birthday Shock From Washington’s Chef 46 3 The Kris Thompson Legal Fund On August 22, 2017, Kiwi Herring, a trans woman, was killed by the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department while defending herself against a homophobic neighbor. As the only witness to the mur- der, Kiwi Herring’s widow, Kris Thompson, has been punitively charged with Assault in the First Degree and Armed Criminal Ac- tion in order to silence Kris from speaking out against the police. If convicted, Kris faces a minimum of three years in prison with no probation or parole, and up to the maximum of two consecutive life sentences. Please give generously. Ferguson Prisoners The revolt in Ferguson breathed new life into many of the current struggles against police and white supremacy for a truly egalitarian world. Yet when the tear gas clears, we often forget those who remain locked up—who risked their freedom in order to put a limit on the abuse of the police, celebrate the life of Mike Brown, or send a heartfelt fuck you to those in power. Further Reading • The London Hanged: Crime And Civil Society In The Eighteenth Century, Peter Linebaugh • The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic, Marcus Rediker and Peter Linebaugh • The Slave Ship: A Human History, Marcus Rediker • Caliban and the Witch: Women, The Body, and Primitive Ac- cumulation, Sylvia Federici 45 this is an indication of how successful Trump’s efforts to “drain the President’s Day, a federal holiday, observes George Washing- swamp” will ultimately be. ton’s birthday on February 22. Yet as a slave owner and profiteer on others’ servitude, George Washington is a poor exemplar of the “George Washington was a slave owner… are we struggle for freedom. Rather than looking to him for a model rep- going to take down statues to George Washington? resenting resistance to tyranny, let’s remember the slaves and in- How about Thomas Jefferson? What do you think of dentured servants who sought to escape from him and the Native Thomas Jefferson? You like him? Good. Are we going Americans who defended themselves against his attacks. to take down the statue? ‘Cause he was a major slave Washington is celebrated as the father of the American Revo- owner. Are we going to take down his statue? So lution, itself the blueprint for countless subsequent struggles for you know what? It’s fine. You are changing history; independence and democracy. We can’t grasp the meaning of the you’re changing culture.” American Revolution without recalling that George Washington -Donald Trump, responding to fascist violence and was one of the wealthiest people in North America. Even now, he murder in Charlottesville. Virginia remains among the wealthiest presidents in US history, with hold- ings that would be worth about half a billion dollars today. Of all Here’s to changing history and changing culture. 1 Faster comrade, the New World is behind you. subsequent presidents, only Donald Trump is wealthier. As Marcus Rediker and Peter Linebaugh describe in The Many- Headed Hydra, the American Revolution began in the 1760s with a series of protests and riots involving sailors, slaves, stevedores, working women, and other marginalized people. Networked in a The Dollar Bill: A Postscript global ferment involving mutinies, slave revolts, and strikes, these disturbances threatened to undermine the entire imperial order. One of the authors of this cursory summary, a Leopold Trebitch,9 Sensing that the empire was overextended and upheaval was in- toyed with the idea of telling readers to burn a portrait of George evitable, the colonial elite set themselves at the head of the rebel- Washington—the one-dollar bill. How ubiquitous its presence! lion, using it to free themselves of the financial burden of support- How invented its worth—yet how real its power! Burning a dollar ing the Crown. George Washington and his colleagues were not bill is an act of freedom, mixed with discomfort: “What am I doing! the initiators of the revolt, but the ones who coopted and contained I’m going to regret this!” Yet, what do we consume that costs less it—a lesson about what happens when revolutionaries seek to gain than a dollar? It’s hardly an expensive lesson. legitimacy and resources through alliances with the upper class. In the end, we concluded that in order to honor those who es- Thus the Revolutionary War of the 1770s gave way to the American caped George Washington, it is more sensible to give that dollar to Counterrevolution of the 1780s and 1790s, climaxing with the es- one of the following causes. Burn a dollar if you like, but then give tablishment of the Federal Government, the Constitution, the Fugi- a hundred more to… 9 Leopold Trebitch is a rogue and rabble-rouser, living in the caves of St. 1 John F. Kennedy would have inherited a legacy worth a billion dollars, but Louis. Rants, musings, and diggings of his can be found at The Trebitch Times. was killed before he could come into his inheritance. 44 5 tive Slave Act, the Northwest Territory, and the Riot Act.2 Meet horror of the Sierra Leona Company, formed their own govern- the new boss, same as the old boss. ment. If not for the arrival of 500 Jamaican maroons from Nova From this vantage point, the apparently “individual” rebellions Scotia in the summer of 1800, Harry and the rest might have suc- of slaves who set out to secure their own liberty compare favorably ceeded in push for self-determination. with a formal political revolution that did little to substantively al- Instead, the British were able to use the tried-and-true method ter the circumstances of the most oppressed while defusing social of offering privileges to one section of the underclass in return for tensions for several generations. From their acts of defiance, whole their assistance suppressing another part of the underclass. The Maroon and Quilombo communities arose in permanent resistance Company promised better land to the maroons on the condition to white supremacy in both its monarchist and democratic vari- that they pacify the rebels. Rounded up and charged with “open ants. Just as the Russian Revolution might have turned out better and unprovoked rebellion,” Harry, Jenny, and other insurgents if the working class had not permitted the Bolsheviks to seize the were eventually exiled across the Sierra Leone River to the Bullom reins, the American Revolution could eventually have established a Shore. Quilombo the size of a continent had the revolutionaries deposed From the Gambia River in West Africa to the Dismal Swamp of white supremacists like George Washington as ruling class inter- America to South Carolina, New York, and Nova Scotia and then lopers. Sierra Leone, Harry never stopped seeking freedom. He passed the It’s much easier to study the Great Men of History than to learn last years of his life as an influential member of the new settlement about those who set out to get free of their authority. Here, we in the Bullom Shore. Freedom is not comprised of guarantees, but present some context from Washington’s life and the little we know of the willingness to continue setting out for the horizon. about the slaves and indentured servants who sought to escape him. In the 1800s, slaves no longer ran away from George Washing- Much of this is drawn from the materials in the Founding Fathers ton, but for the next sixty years they fled from cities and counties database and the Geography of Slavery in Virginia archive. We that bore his name. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and into the 21st, people of color have been confined to schools, work- 2 “The motley crew had helped to make the revolution, but the vanguard places, and prisons named after the first president, in which they struck back in the 1770s and 1780s, against mobs, slaves, and sailors, in what must be considered an American Thermidor. The effort to reform the mobby are afforded no more respect than he accorded them while hewas removing its more militant elements began in 1766 and continued, not always alive.