Mapping of Benthic Habitats for The Main Eight Hawaiian Islands Task Order I Project Completion Report Prepared for: U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment NOAA Contract No.: DG133C-02CN-007 Address: 1305 East West Highway N/SCI1, 9th Floor Silver Spring, MD 20910 Prepared by: BAE Systems Sensor Solutions Identification & Surveillance (S2 IS) 999 Bishop Street Suite 2700 Honolulu, HI 96813 808-441-2590 Date of Report Submission: Aug 1, 2007 Task Order I Project Completion Report BAE Systems S2 IS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF TABLES.................................................................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................6 1. APPROACH ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 IMAGERY ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 GEOMETRIC ACCURACY ..................................................................................................... 8 1.3 IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS ........................................................................................... 8 2 METHODS ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 IMAGE EVALUATION........................................................................................................... 9 2.2 DATA CONDITIONING METHODS ...................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Data Processing Overview ....................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Atmospheric Correction............................................................................................ 11 2.2.3 Pan Sharpening......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.4 Glint Removal........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4.1 Deglinting Process................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4.2 Glint Removal Algorithms .................................................................................... 13 2.2.5 Mosaicking................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.6 Metadata ................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 MAPPING APPROACH........................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1 Development of the Benthic Habitat Classification Scheme for the Pacific............. 18 2.3.2 Spatial Data Acquisition........................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Habitat Map Preparation ......................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Field Survey Methodology ........................................................................................ 23 2.3.4.1 GPS Data Collection.............................................................................................. 24 2.3.4.2 Accuracy Assessment............................................................................................ 25 2.3.4.3 Ground Validation................................................................................................. 26 2.3.4.4 Geodetic Control, Accuracy and Verification ....................................................... 26 2.3.4.4.1 Spatial Accuracy and Precision......................................................................... 26 2.3.4.4.2 GIS Quality Control.......................................................................................... 27 2.3.4.4.3 Data Security..................................................................................................... 28 2.3.4.4.4 Tabular Data Quality Control ........................................................................... 28 2.3.4.5 Records and Metadata Summaries ........................................................................ 28 3 RESULTS.............................................................................................................................. 28 3.1 ACQUISITION OF ACCURACY ASSESSMENT GPS DATA FOR THE MEHI ........................... 29 3.2 ACCURACY ASSESSMENT DATA ....................................................................................... 29 3.3 GROUND VALIDATION DATA............................................................................................ 30 3.4 GIS PRODUCTS, QUALITY CONTROL PERFORMED AND SPATIAL ACCURACY ................... 31 3.4.1 GPS Data and Field Data Collection ....................................................................... 31 3.4.2 GIS Map Products..................................................................................................... 31 3.4.3 Coral Reef Habitat Map Thematic Accuracy............................................................ 32 3.4.4 Expert Review........................................................................................................... 36 3.5 CORAL REEF HABITAT MAPS AND THEMATIC CONTENT SUMMARY ................................ 36 4 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.1 LIST OF PRODUCTS DELIVERED ........................................................................................ 39 2 Task Order I Project Completion Report BAE Systems S2 IS 4.2 DEVIATIONS FROM CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................... 44 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................. 45 6 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 46 7 APPENDIX A....................................................................................................................... 47 8 APPENDIX B........................................................................................................................ 52 9 APPENDIX C – CLASSIFICATION MAPS..................................................................... 52 9.1 EAST HAWAII (PAHOA)..................................................................................................... 53 9.2 HILO BAY, HAWAII........................................................................................................... 56 9.3 HAMAKUA, HAWAII.......................................................................................................... 59 9.4 KOHALA COAST, HAWAII ................................................................................................. 62 9.5 SOUTH KONA, HAWAII ..................................................................................................... 65 9.6 SOUTH POINT, HAWAII ..................................................................................................... 68 9.7 KAHOOLAWE .................................................................................................................... 71 9.8 EAST KAUAI ..................................................................................................................... 74 9.9 WEST KAUAI .................................................................................................................... 77 9.10 KAULA ............................................................................................................................. 80 9.11 LANAI............................................................................................................................... 83 9.12 EAST MAUI....................................................................................................................... 86 9.13 WEST MAUI...................................................................................................................... 89 9.14 EAST MOLOKAI ................................................................................................................ 92 9.15 WEST MOLOKAI ............................................................................................................... 95 9.16 NIHAU .............................................................................................................................. 98 9.17 EAST OAHU .................................................................................................................... 101 9.18 WEST OAHU ................................................................................................................... 104 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. Image processing flowchart for IKONOS and Quickbird data ..................................... 11 Figure 2. Example remote sensing reflectance spectra of seafloor and ground cover.................. 12 Figure 3. An example of deglinted output. ..................................................................................