IJRPC 2018, 8(1), 149-153 Dave Jay et al ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE FROM THE WHEAT FLOUR SAMPLE R. Dave Jay1* and Benjamin Surbhi2 1Ph.D.Scholar at P.A.H.E.R. University – Udaipur, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. 2Assistant professor at P.A.H.E.R. University – Udaipur, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. ABSTRACT A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of Benzoyl peroxide from the wheat flour was developed. The detection principle is based on the reaction between Benzoyl peroxide & potassium iodode in alcoholic medium. Here in this reaction potassium iodide oxidized by Benzoyl peroxide oxidation, it generates coloured iodine. There was maximum absorption peak in 580 nm wavelenghth. Potassium iodide system determine Benzoyl peroxide(Result). Wheat flour dissolved in ethanol by extraction of ethanol & centrifugal of Benzoyl peroxide. Under the selected conditions, the linear range for quantification of Benzoyl peroxide was observed between 10 mg/L to 50 mg/L . The limit of detection (LOD) was 30 mg/L. The developed method obtained superior precision using 10 repeatability. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to determine Benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour samples. Keywords: Spectrophotometer, Benzoyl peroxide, Ethanol and Potassium Iodide. 1. INTRODUCTION Uses Benzoyl peroxide is an organic compound in Other common uses for Benzoyl peroxide the peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl include groups bridged by a peroxide link. Its structural Bleaching hair formula is (C6H5CO)2O2. It is one of the most Tooth whitening systems important organic peroxides in terms of The preparation of bleached flour applications and the scale of its production. As a convenient oxidant in organic Benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne chemistry treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth, An initiator and catalyst for polyester for cross-linking polyester resins, and for many thermoset resins, as an alternative to other purposes. It is on the World Health the much more hazardous methyl Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the ethyl ketone peroxide. most important medications needed in a basic A hardener in order to start the health system. polymerization process in resins. For instance, PMMA resins can be polymerized with Benzoyl peroxide. Removing ink and dye stains on vinyl dolls. In the U.S., the typical concentration for Benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both prescription and over-the-counter drug preparations that are used in treatment for acne. Higher concentrations are used for hair bleach and teeth whitening. Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching 149 IJRPC 2018, 8(1), 149-153 Dave Jay et al ISSN: 22312781 agent. Contact with fabrics or hair can cause production is coloured and hence is subject to permanent color dampening almost use Benzoyl peroxide. Besides, not all of the immediately. Even secondary contact can coloured whey undergoes bleaching process cause bleaching; for example, contact with a before drying. towel that has been used to wash off Benzoyl peroxide-containing hygiene products.11 2. METERIALS AND METHODS Here, from the study of different determination Side effect methods, have check samples of wheat flour Concentrated Benzoyl peroxide is potentially which was borrowed from the market & have explosive like other organic peroxides, and checked Benzoyl peroxide’s level by different can cause fires without external ignition. The spectrophotometric methods. In the different hazard is acute for the pure material, so the methods researchers have used different compound is generally used as a solution or a chromogenic agents like 3- paste. For example, cosmetics contain only a ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic(ABTS) , small percent of Benzoyl peroxide and pose TMB(tetra methyl benzidine) , Adapalene etc. no explosion risk. Here we have used common solvent-KI for the The carcinogenic potential of Benzoyl peroxide determine Benzoyl peroxide , these method has been investigated. A 1981 study published will be used wide because KI is common in the journal Science found that although solvent & it is available easily. It is common Benzoyl peroxide is not a carcinogen, it does iodometry reaction. Here spectrophotometer is promote cell growth when applied to an used for the determine new method. initiated tumor. The study concluded, "caution should be recommended in the use of this and Proposed methodology other free radical-generating compounds". The proposed methodology was successfully In a 1977 study using a human maximization applied to determine Benzoyl peroxide in test, 76% of subjects acquired a contact wheat flour samples. This method has been sensitization to Benzoyl peroxide. used for quantification of Benzoyl peroxide in Formulations of 5% and 10% were used. flour samples. The sample preparation The U.S. National Institute for Occupational procedures are described in the Materials and Safety and Health has developed criteria for a methods section. In order to eliminate the recommended standard for occupational matric interference, ethanol was utilized as exposure to Benzoyl peroxide, Benzoyl extraction solvent for the real sample. peroxide has been used for over 50 years as a Because of inorganic salts, starch and fat are bleaching agent inflour, whey processing and poorly dissolved in ethanol that is used as the milk for Italian cheese making. It was used for extraction solvent and detection media. The bleaching flour and cheese at concentrations samples were spiked with Benzoyl peroxide of up to 40 mg/kg, while bleaching of Cheddar standard at different concentrations. The cheese whey has been done successfully quantification of Benzoyl peroxide content using 20 mg/kg Benzoyl peroxide and holding depends on the formation of cation radical. for an hour at 60-63 °C. As Benzoyl peroxide However, there are non oxidative agents or is almost totally converted (> 91%) to benzoic other bleaching agents such as ammonium acid during cheese making and any remaining per sulfate, calcium phosphate, nitrogen traces would further be reduced by processing dioxide, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen dichloride, of whey. Therefore the intake assessment and calcium peroxide that can be affected by should be made on the additional benzoic acid the determination of Benzoyl peroxide by the incorporated in the diet from the use of approach method. Because the solubility of Benzoyl peroxide to bleach whey. JECFA has inorganic salts were poor in ethanol extract evaluated the use of Benzoyl peroxide as a solutions other peroxides cannot be reacted bleaching agent in flour and concluded that with KI without adding other enzyme treatment at concentrations up to 40 mg/kg peroxidases. The detectable reaction of the was acceptable (WHO, 1964) & as per FSSAI proposed method for examination of Benzoyl guideline we can use maximum 40 p.p.m. peroxide in flour samples is based on redox Benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour ( or in Maida). reaction between KI and Benzoyl peroxide in Moreover, at the 59th meeting JECFA an alcoholic medium. concluded that Benzoyl peroxide was of "no safety concern" when used as a flavouring 3. REAGENTS AND CHEMICALS agent (based on current levels of intake) The chemical reagents used throughout this (WHO, 2002). study were analytical grade and utilized Concentration of Benzoyl peroxide without any further purification. commercially used is much lower than 100 The deionized water was purified by Milli-Q, mg/kg. Only 15% of the world's cheese Millipore apparatus. KI was from LR grade 150 IJRPC 2018, 8(1), 149-153 Dave Jay et al ISSN: 22312781 used. 97% pure(dried weight) Benzoyl flask. Then, 10 ml of 3 M KI solution was peroxide & 94% pure ethanol used. 1000 mg added. Finally, the solution was made up to 10 /L Benzoyl peroxide stock solution was ml with 94% ethanol and the solution was generated by dissolving Benzoyl peroxide 0.1 reacted for 1 minute. The solution developed g in 100 mL of 94% ethanol. The working from blue to dark blue or violete color solution of Benzoyl peroxide was prepared immediately without any catalysts, which fresh by diluting appropriate volume of stock provided maximum absorbance at 580 nm. Benzoyl peroxide in 94% ethanol. Here 3M KI The content of Benzoyl peroxide in the real stock solution used in following procedure. sample was calculated using the linear regression equation of standard curve. Apparatus Afterward, the 94% ethanol was utilized to Manti Lab MT-128 Digital Double Display adjust volume to 10 mL. Spectrophotometer was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sample preparation for benzoyl peroxide The detectable reaction of the proposed Non additive wheat flour (flour blank) and flour method for examination of Benzoyl peroxide in samples were purchased from kalupur local flour samples is based on redox reaction markets in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India . All between liberated KI and starch in an samples were stored at 40C until prepared for alcoholic medium. After Benzoyl peroxide was quantitative assay. Flour sample (0.5 g) and reduced by a chromogenic agent such as KI. It spiked samples were transferred to a became benzoate anion. Therefore, the centrifuge tube and 5 mL of ethanol was possibility of this color reaction was shown. added. Then, sonication of the sample for 5 The complex of violet colour formed because minutes was completed followed by shaking of of starch & iodine. Here maximum absorption the solution for 5 minutes with a vortex mixer. peak we have observed at 580 nm & The supernatant was collected after being maximum absorbance was 0.24 at 30 ppm. centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes. The calibration graph was created by plotting absorbance (y-axis) with concentration of Analytical method Benzoyl peroxide in mg/L (x-axis). Here The analytical procedures for the quantification 10ppm to 30 ppm sample sets were prepared of Benzoyl peroxide were started by pipette 10 & got the linear regression with r2=0.8.