ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMNISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR THE EXPANSION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN HOSSANA TOWN, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA BY ASHENAFI GETACHEW ANULO JUNE 2015 1 Declaration Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Ashenafi Getachew Anulo entitled Factors for the Expansion of Informal Settlements in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia, which is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Management and Policy (MPMP), complies with the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality. Approved by Board of Examiner: __________________________________ Signature___________ Date________________ Advisor __________________________________ Signature___________ Date________________ Internal Examiner __________________________________ Signature___________ Date________________ External Examiner __________________________________ Signature___________ Date________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Coordinator 2 Abstract Rapid growth of informal settlements in developing countries constitutes one of the most intriguing forms of urbanization. However, factors and theories underpinning this rapid and prevalent dynamic of informal settlements are often restricted to the descriptive phase. The purpose of this study is to investigates the land administration model that is used to regulate the expansion of informal settlements in Hossana Town administration. This paper present how Informal Settlement Growth Model (ISGM) be alternative to improve the current GIS approach. This paper proposes a mixed method research methodology. It propose three steps: (1) collect information through interviews, questionnaires documents and field observation on the internal and external factors of informal settlements, (2) incorporate the collected data and models to analysis data, and (3) suggest the recommendation for improving effective land administration system with respect to informal settlements.The studyprovides thatfrom the total population of Hossana Town 19.4% livelihoods are squatters.From those who owned land in unplanned area, 77% obtainedby fools gift or without legal certification.The problem of informal settlements in Hossana Town has been attributed to deficits in housing supply, high home rent and expensive land tender price. The implementation of good land administration model is appropriate to reduce the major constraints. Key Words: Informal Settlement, Squatting, Land Administration, Land Right i Acknowledgments To those I am immensely indebted, it is fair to acknowledge them as part of the success story. First, I wish to thank God Almighty for giving me good health, strength and protection during the course of this research. Without such spiritual nourishment, it would have been impossible to achieve anything. Praise the Lord. Second, I wish to acknowledge the sacrifices, prayers and support of my parents, Getachew Anulo and Zenebech Feleke. Also my brothers and sisters, Mehariw, Mintesnot, Tigist and her husband Degu, Adanech and her husband Abdela. You were strong and became a tremendous source of strength for me to finish this research. Also to my Uncle Solomon, his wife Abrehet and their Children Merhawit, Samuel, Betlehem and Dibora, I wish to express my gratitude to you for always encouraging and pushing me towards higher academic laurels. I am truly grateful for your parental and familial support and prayers. I shall always be grateful to Selamu and his wife Fetlework, Zena and her husband Amrach, and My aunts Tagesech and Bereket. Third, I wish to express my profound gratitude to my advisor Dr. Elias Berhanufor his excellent supervision of this research. He was sharpened my research skills and capacity to conduct independent research. His guidance, constructive remarks, suggestions and criticisms can be described as the furnace that refined this thesis. Fourth, my big thanks go to Fikru Bonkola, Tariku Deiliso and Delelegn Eyob for their boundless support and encouragement with in finance, materials and idea.Also I wish to thank all my partners, Gizachew, Misganaw, Kaleb, and Molla. I wish to express my profound gratitude to Misha Woreda Cabinets for giving me the opportunity and providing a supportive and collegial environment in which to undertake my masters research. Last, but certainly not least, I wish to express my gratitude to the ‘Arbegna Sefer’ fellowship members, participants and key informants of the study. I am indeed very grateful to you for freely giving me your time, stories and insight into the research problem. God bless you all. ii Table of contents Page Declaration .............................................................................................................................I Abstract .................................................................................................................................II Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................III Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................IV List of Figures ........................................................................................................................VI List of Tables .........................................................................................................................VII List of Appendices .................................................................................................................VIII List of Annexes ......................................................................................................................IX List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................X 1. CHAPTER ONE: The Problem and its Approach .............................................................1 1.1 Back ground of the Study ................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................3 1.3 Research Questions ..........................................................................................................5 1.4 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................................6 1.4.1 The general objective of the Study .......................................................................6 1.4.2 The specific objectives of the Study ......................................................................6 1.5 Delimitation of the Study .................................................................................................6 1.6 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................6 1.7 The Limitations of the Study ...........................................................................................7 1.8 Operational Definitions of the Key Terms.......................................................................8 1.9 Organization of the Study ................................................................................................8 2. CHAPTER TWO: Review of Related Literatures .............................................................9 2.1 Nature and Condition of Informal Settlements and Squatting ........................................9 2.1.1 Definition of Informal Settlements ..........................................................................9 2.1.2 Definition of Squatting ............................................................................................10 2.2 Historical Development of the term “Squatting’ .............................................................12 2.2.1 The Squatter .............................................................................................................13 2.3 Causes and Consequence of Informal Settlements and Squatting ...................................14 2.3.1 Causes of Informal Settlements and Squatting ........................................................14 2.3.2 Consequences of Informal Settlements and Squatting..................................................21 2.4 Settlements Upgrading .....................................................................................................23 2.5 Informal SettlementsTheories ..........................................................................................26 2.5.1 Conceptual Framework of the ISGM .......................................................................27 2.5.2 Modeling of Informal Settlements ................................................................................27 2.5.3 The Conceptual Framework of Informal Settlements and Its’ Impacts ...................30 CHAPTER THREE: Methodology of the Study ...................................................................36 3.1 Research Design and Methods .........................................................................................36 3.2 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques ........................................................................37 iii 3.2.1 Selection of Kebles .................................................................................................38