Norlh Carolina State Library l k BaleigK S^C \\ \ Summ&i t*?63 The North Carolina Historical Review Christopher Crittenden, Editor in Chief Mrs. Memory F. Blackwelder, Editor Mrs. Elizabeth W. Wilborn, Editorial Associate ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD Frontis W. Johnston Miss Sarah M. Lemmon John R. Jordan, Jr. William S. Powell Robert H. Woody STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY EXECUTIVE BOARD McDaniel Lewis, Chairman James W. Atkins Ralph P. Hanes Miss Gertrude Sprague Carraway Josh L. Horne Fletcher M. Green Daniel J. Whitener Christopher Crittenden, Director This review was established in January, 1924, as a medium of publication and dis- cussion of history in North Carolina. It is issued to other institutions by exchange, but to the general public by subscription only. The regular price is $3.00 per year. Members of the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association, Inc., for which the annual dues are $5.00, receive this publication without further payment. Back numbers still in print are available for $.75 per number. Out-of-print numbers may be obtained on microfilm from University Microfilms, 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Persons desiring to quote from this publication may do so without special permission from the editors providing full credit is given to The North Carolina Historical Review. The Review is published quarterly by the State Department of Archives and History, Education Building, Corner of Edenton and Salisbury Streets, Raleigh. Second class postage paid at Raleigh, North Carolina. COVER—The bust of Jared Sparks, eminent nineteenth-century historian, was done by Hiram Powers, an American sculptor. The photograph of the bust is from the frontispiece of Volume II of The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, by Herbert B. Adams. For an article, "Jared Sparks in North Carolina," see pages 285-294. \ Volume XL Published in July, 1963 Number 3 CONTENTS JARED SPARKS IN NORTH CAROLINA 285 John H. Moore ABOLITIONIST MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES IN NORTH CAROLINA 295 Clifton H. Johnson ENTERTAINMENT IN RALEIGH IN 1890 321 Sarah McCulloh Lemmon THE ELECTIONS OF 1872 IN NORTH CAROLINA 338 Douglass C. Dailey THE FOUNDING OF NEW BERN: A FOOTNOTE 361 Edited by Fred J. Allred and Alonzo T. Dill BOOK REVIEWS 375 HISTORICAL NEWS 398 BOOK REVIEWS Harrington, Search for the Cittie of Ralegh: Archeological Excavations at Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, North Carolina, by Stanley South 375 Parker, North Carolina Charters and Constitutions, 1578-1698, by Wesley Frank Craven 376 Brown, A History of the Education of Negroes in North Carolina, by Richard Barry Westin 377 Tucker, Front Rank, by Charles P. Roland 378 North Carolina Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights, Equal Protection of the Laws in North Carolina, by Memory F. Blackwelder 379 Gwynn, Abstracts of the Records of Jones County, North Carolina, 1779-1868, by Charles R. Holloman 381 Powell, North Carolina Lives: The Tar Heel Who's Who, by Cyrus B. King 382 Dabney and Dargan, William Henry Drayton and the American Revolution, by Hugh F. Rankin 383 Waring, The Fighting Elder: Andrew Pickens (1739-1817), by Jack C. Barnes 384 Parks, General Leonidas Polk, C.S.A.: The Fighting Bishop, by Avery Craven 386 Brown, The South Carolina Regulators, by C. G. Gordon Moss 388 Davis, William Fitzhugh and His Chesapeake World, 1676-1701, by Cecil Johnson 389 McPherson, The Journal of the Earl of Egmont: Abstract of the Trustees Proceedings for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, 1732-1738, by James K. Huhta 390 McMillan, The Alabama Confederate Reader, by Buck Yearns 391 Eaton, The Growth of Southern Civilization, 1790-1860, by John Edmond Gonzales 392 Parks, Ante-Bellum Southern Literary Critics, by Louis J. Budd 393 Gottschalk, Generalization in the Writing of History: A Report of the Committee on Historical Analysis of the Social Science Research Council, by Thornton W. Mitchell 394 Other Recent Publications 395 JARED SPARKS IN NORTH CAROLINA By John H. Moore* Jared Sparks—hailed today as the man who inaugurated serious research into the documents of American history—first came to this State, not as a historian, but as a zealous apostle of Unitarianism. 1 In the fall of 1819, while en route to attend the ordination of a new minister in Charleston, South Carolina, Sparks (himself recently appointed rector of a Baltimore church) stopped in Raleigh and Fayetteville. Arriving in the capital on November 18, he immediately called upon the Reverend Anthony Forster who was convalescing at the home of his father-in-law, Joseph Gales. 2 Forster, a native of * Dr. Moore is an Assistant Professor of History, Winthrop College, Rock Hill, South Carolina. 1 Allen Johnson, Dumas Majone, and Others (eds.), Dictionary of American Biog- raphy (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 22 volumes and index, 1928-1958), XVII, 430-434, hereinafter cited as Dictionary of American Biography. Jared Sparks (1789- 1866), who was a graduate of Harvard in 1815, became a leading historian in his day. His works include 12 volumes on the writings of George Washington, a life of Gouverneur Morris, 10 volumes on the works of Benjamin Franklin, the Library of American Biography, and 12 volumes on the diplomatic correspondence of the Ameri- can Revolution. In 1839 his alma mater appointed him to the first chair of non- ecclesiastical history in any American college or university. Sparks is saluted as the man who began authoritative inquiry into the documents of American history. G. P. Gooch, History and Historians of the 19th Century (New York: P. Smith, 1949), 402. 2 Kemp P. Battle, The Early History of Raleigh, the Capital City of North Carolina (Raleigh: Privately printed, 1893), 52-53, hereinafter cited as Battle, History of Raleigh. Forster was married to Altona Holstein Gales (1794-1827), a daughter of Joseph Gales, who was born in Altona, Schleswig-Holstein, near Hamburg, Germany. Another child, born in Raleigh, bore the name Weston Raleigh Gales. William S. Powell (ed.), "The Diary of Joseph Gales, 1794-1795," The North Carolina Historical Review, XXVI (July, 1949), 336, 337n; Mrs. J. R. Chamberlain, "Two Wake County Editors Whose Work Has Influenced the World." Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Session of the State Literary and Historical Association of North Carolina, Raleigh, December 7-8, 1922 (Raleigh: The North Carolina Historical Commission [State Department of Archives and History], Bulletin No. 30, 1923), 47; Dictionary of American Biography, VII, 99-100. Gales, an English journalist and reformer, had to flee his homeland in 1794. After staying two years on the Continent, where he was joined by his family, he reached Philadelphia in 1795. He eventually settled in Raleigh in 1799 and founded the Raleigh Register and North-Carolina Weekly Adver- tiser. Pro-Jefferson, he was mayor of Raleigh for 19 years and was the State printer until ousted by Jackson forces. In the 1830's he lived in Washington, D. C, where he was Secretary of the American Peace Society and Secretary-Treasurer of the American Colonization Society. Gales was one of three agents for The North American Review in this State. The others were Salmon Hall of New Bern and John McRae of Fayetteville. For an interesting insight into Gales' early life see W. H. G. Army- tage, "The Editorial Experience of Joseph Gales, 1786-1794," The North Caroliyia Historical Review, XXVIII (July, 1951), 332-361. 286 The North Carolina Historical Review Brunswick, North Carolina, had been forced' to resign the Charleston pulpit because of ill health. He died a few weeks later of consumption. The following day, having obtained the permission of the legislature to use its chambers, Sparks addressed the townspeople concerning the glorious new faith sweeping out of New England. I entered the hall at early candle light, and as soon as I was seated in the Speaker's chair found the house full to over-flowing. There was an almost universal attendance of the members of the Senate and House and as many other persons as could get into the room. I never preached to a more attentive audience. I was not prepared to find so much liberality of feeling among a people who have known nothing of the Unitarian principles, except from the misrepresentations of persons who have been industrious to hold them up in as odious a light as possible. The notice of preaching was very short, and the engines of orthodoxy were imme- diately set to work to prevent a general attendance, and yet a crowded audience collected.3 The next day Sparks proceeded to Fayetteville where he spent the Sabbath, taking note of that community's success in matters both theological and mercantile. Fayetteville at present is the most flourishing place in the State, though by no means so pleasantly situated as Raleigh. Two handsome churches, one Presbyterian and the other Episcopal, have lately been erected . with spires and bells. They are well attended; and I have seldom in New England seen the Sabbath passed in a more orderly manner than in this place. Merchandise is brought up Cape Fear River to this place, but the river is now too low. Newbern and Wilmington, which were formerly the depots of merchandise, are rapidly declining, and Fayetteville is taking precedence of them. The merchants here purchase their goods primarily in New York.4 Some three weeks later, having visited in both Charleston and Savannah, Sparks was back in Raleigh. This time he stayed at the Gales' household; and on Sunday, December 19, preached three times at the Capitol. The legislative halls, he writes, were full all day. Those present included Governor John Branch, his family, and numerous lawmakers. These folk, according to Sparks, gave him "a close and serious attention" as he dwelt upon the necessity of free inquiry, the importance of thinking and acting rightly, and the simplicity of the Unitarian faith.