TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ 2 Authorship Page.............................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 4 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 5 Table of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 6 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 7 Part I – Proposal Chapter 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2 – Literature Review.................................................................................................. 11 Respiratory Sounds ............................................................................................................... 11 Adventitious sounds.............................................................................................................. 13 Respiratory Diseases – Asthma and Pneumonia................................................................... 16 Evolution of the Stethoscope ................................................................................................ 17 Frequency Content of Lung Sounds ..................................................................................... 21 Digital Software Applications............................................................................................... 22 The importance of pulmonary diagnostics in healthcare ...................................................... 24 Chapter 3 – Project Approach................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 4 – Design.................................................................................................................... 29 Needs Analysis and Specifications ....................................................................................... 30 Gives correct diagnosis..................................................................................................... 33 User Friendly .................................................................................................................... 35 Patient Friendly and Safe.................................................................................................. 36 Inexpensive/Simple........................................................................................................... 39 Alternative Designs............................................................................................................... 40 Choosing Between Alternative Designs ............................................................................... 49 Hardware Design .................................................................................................................. 62 Software Design.................................................................................................................... 67 Part II – Methods and Results Chapter 5 – Methods................................................................................................................. 74 Clinical trial .......................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 6 – Results and Analysis ............................................................................................. 77 Hardware............................................................................................................................... 77 Software ................................................................................................................................ 78 Chapter 7 – Discussion and Conclusions.................................................................................. 82 Chapter 8 – Recommendations ................................................................................................. 85 References................................................................................................................................. 88 Appendix A – IRB Forms......................................................................................................... 89 Appendix B – Electronic Stethoscopes................................................................................... 113 Appendix C – Algorithm Implementations............................................................................. 117 Appendix D – Data from Clinical Trial .................................................................................. 121 AUTHORSHIP PAGE Part I – Proposal Chapter 1 – Introduction .................................................................................Gladman and Ryan Chapter 2 – Literature Review Respiratory Sounds ........................................................................................................... Ryan Adventitious sounds..........................................................................................................Taras Respiratory Diseases – Asthma and Pneumonia............................................................... Ryan Evolution of the Stethoscope ............................................................................................Taras Frequency Content of Lung Sounds ................................................................................. Ryan Digital Software Applications.....................................................................................Gladman The importance of pulmonary diagnostics in healthcare ..................................................Taras Chapter 3 – Project Approach............................................................................................... Ryan Chapter 4 – Design................................................................................................................ Ryan Needs Analysis and Specifications ................................................................................... Ryan Gives correct diagnosis................................................................................................. Ryan User Friendly ..........................................................................................................Gladman Patient Friendly and Safe..............................................................................................Taras Inexpensive/Simple.................................................................................................Gladman Alternative Designs Microphone................................................................................................................... Ryan Vibration Sensor ........................................................................................................... Ryan Cough Detection .....................................................................................................Gladman Air Flow Detection .................................................................................................Gladman Drug-induced Response................................................................................................Taras Respiratory Imaging......................................................................................................Taras Choosing Between Alternative Designs ................................................Gladman, Ryan, Taras Hardware Design .............................................................................................................. Ryan Software Design................................................................................................................ Ryan Part II – Methods and Results Chapter 5 – Methods.............................................................................................................Taras Clinical trial ............................................................................................... Gladman and Taras Chapter 6 – Results and Analysis ......................................................................................... Ryan Hardware........................................................................................................................... Ryan Software ............................................................................................................................Taras Chapter 7 – Discussion and Conclusions........................................................................Gladman Chapter 8 – Recommendations .......................................................................................Gladman Appendix A – IRB Forms...............................................................................................Gladman Appendix B – Electronic Stethoscopes.................................................................................Taras Appendix C – Algorithm Implementations........................................................................... Ryan Appendix D – Data from Clinical Trial ................................................................................Taras