EDITORIAL BOARD REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE RESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF U NIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson c/- Bio-Protection and Ecology Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF O VERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 60 Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): synopsis of supraspecific taxa A. Larochelle and M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170 Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2007 4 Larochelle & Larivière (2007): Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2007 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Larochelle, André, 1940 Apr. 10– Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): synopsis of supraspecific taxa / A. Larochelle and M.-C. Larivière – Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, 2007. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 60). ISBN 978-0-478-09394-0 I. Larivière, Marie-Claude II. Title III. Series UDC 595.762.12 Suggested citation: Larochelle, A.; Larivière, M.-C. 2007. Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): synopsis of supraspecific taxa. Fauna of New Zealand 60, 188 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. M~ori text by H. Jacob, Auckland. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Date of publication 21 November 2007 Front cover: Brullea antarctica Laporte de Castelnau, 1867 (Illustrator: A. C. Harris). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0501. Fauna of New Zealand 60 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Carabidae Ground beetles The family Carabidae (ground-beetles, including tiger- beetles) is composed of over 34,000 species distributed among 1,927 genera worldwide. Carabids occupy most land habitats on nearly all continents. These beetles are abundant in the field and attract attention with their pecu- liar shape and coloration. They are mostly active at night and prey on a wide range of small animals such as other insects and spiders; some species are active during the day Illustration / Whakaahua: Mecodema regulus Britton, and feed on plant tissue. Most ground-beetles, in temper- 1964 (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: B. E. Rhode ). ate climates at least, live at the surface of the ground, while Ng~ p§tara noho papa some species dwell in the soil (e.g., Anillina), in caves (e.g., ~ ~ Trechini, Harpalini), or on the vegetation (e.g., Zolini, Kua hipa ake i te 34,000 ng momo o te wh nau Carabidae ~ § ~ ~ Ç ~ Lebiini). Most New Zealand species cannot fly, which (ng p tara noho papa, tae atu ki ng t taka), n ng ~ reduces their dispersal capacity and affects the flow of puninga 1,927, huri katoa i te ao. Kitea ai ng pepeke nei ~ ~ genes defining their body shape, making it rather variable. i te nuinga o ng k inga noho o te taiwhenua, i te nuinga o ~ § Ç In 2001, Larochelle & Larivière’s Catalogue (Fauna of New ng whenua-rahi o te ao. He p tara ngaruru, he tiwha an , ~ ‘ ~ Zealand 43) recorded 5 subfamilies, 20 tribes, 78 genera, n te rerek o te hanga me ng tae. Ko te nuinga, he haere Ç ~ ~ ~ and 424 species for this country, whereas this new work p , , kai ai r tou i ng momo hanga huhua, tae atu ki te ã ~ ‘ recognises 7 subfamilies, 21 tribes, 86 genera, and 461 pepeke me te p ng werewere; heoi, ko tahi momo, he ~ ‘ ~ ~ ~ species. When completely inventoried and described the haere awatea, , kai ai r r i te tipu. Ko te nuinga o ng § ~ ~ ~ fauna will likely reach 800 species. Compared with larger p tara noho papa i ng takiw k ore i tino makariri, ka ‘ or warmer regions of the world, the New Zealand fauna noho ki te mata tonu o Papa, engari ko tahi ka noho ki may appear relatively small, but New Zealand is a very roto tonu i te oneone (hei tauira, ko Anillina), ki te ana (hei ~ ‘ ~ special place – a biodiversity ‘hot-spot’ – with fifty genera tauira, ko Trechini me Harpalini), ki te otaota r nei (p r ~ (58 % of fauna) found nowhere else in the world. The i a Zolini me Lebiini). He rerekore te nuinga o ng momo o ~ ~ ~ ~ Ç remaining genera not endemic to this country are made up Aotearoa, n kon i kore ai e pirara ki tawhiti, n kon an ~ of overseas genera introduced mainly from Australia and i herea ai te hanumi haere o ng ira e whakatau ana i te native genera shared with Australia and other parts of the hanga o te tinana, me te aha, kua kaha tonu te taurangi o ‘ ~ ~ ~ world. t r hua. I te R rangi a Larochelle & Larivière (Ko te ~ In New Zealand, ground-beetles are generally recognised Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa 43) o te tau 2001, e 5 ng ~ ~ ~ ~ by the following body features: length, 1.0–39.0 mm; colour wh nau iti, e 20 ng iwi, e 78 ng puninga, e 424 ng ‘ ~ dark (usually black or brown); elytra (wing covers) rarely momo i Aotearoa nei. Engari i t nei tuhinga hou, e 7 ng ~ ~ ~ ~ spotted; dorsal surface without hair cover; head narrower wh nau iti, e 21 ng iwi, e 86 ng puninga, e 461 ng ~ ~ ~ than pronotum (dorsal part between head and wings); momo. Kia oti rawa ng hu nga katoa te whakar rangi, te ‘ ~ ~ mandibles well developed, with sharp tips; eyes moderate whakaahua, t r ka eke ki te 800 ng momo. Ina whakaritea ~ ~ ~ ‘ ~ in size; antennae thread-like or beaded like a necklace, ki ng takiw nui ake, mahana ake o te ao, k ore i p r ~ § composed of 11 segments; pronotum narrower than elytra, rawa te wh nui o te puna p tara noho papa o Aotearoa. ~ ~ with a pronounced mobility; legs long and slender, fit for Engari he w hi ahurei tonu a Aotearoa, i te mea e 50 o ng ~ § ~ running; tarsi (last part of legs) composed of 5 segments; puninga o Aotearoa (e 58% o ng p tara), k ore e kitea ana (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Larochelle & Larivière (2007): Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) elytra fused, with striae (deepened lines) present; i t‘tahi atu w~hi kotahi nei o te ao. O ‘r~ atu puninga ehara membranous wings very short, almost absent. Most nÇ konei taketake ake, i ahu mai i Ahitereiria, he puninga carabids are recognisable alive by a peculiar way of running m~ori r~nei nÇ konei me Ahitereiria, nÇ konei r~nei me on the ground. ‘tahi atu whenua o te ao. As a family, Carabidae are sensitive to their environment I Aotearoa nei, ka tautohua nuitia ng~ p§tara papa i and are commonly used as biological indicators to evaluate runga anÇ i ng~ ~huatanga e whai ake nei: te roa, 1.0–39.0 the diversity of life in ecological systems, indicate the mm; te uriuri o te tae (he pango, he parauri te nuinga); ng~ influence of landscape changes, evaluate environmental kahu parirau, he tino ruarua ng~ mea kÇiraira; te tuar~, he health, predict the effect of climate changes, select habitats huruhuru kore; te upoko, he wh~iti ake i te papatua for nature conservation, and characterise forest soil. They pohomua; te waha, he pakari tonu, he koi ng~ pito; ng~ can also be used to control pest insects (e.g., caterpillars). karu, k~ore i tino iti, k~ore r~nei i tino rahi; ng~ pãhihi, me In the future, ground-beetles may become more commonly te miro te hanga, me te hei r~nei kua tuia atu he k~kano ki used in biological control, e.g., as natural control agents runga, 11 ng~ w~hanga; te papatua pohomua, he wh~iti against harmful insects, especially soil pests, or as control ake i ng~ kahu parirau, he ~hua nekeneke anÇ; ng~ waewae, agents of weeds, especially their seeds. In New Zealand, he roa, he tÇhihi, he pai mÇ te oma; te w~hanga conservation biologists have listed many, often large-sized whakamutunga o ng~ waewae, e 5 ng~ w~hanga iti; ng~ carabids, as rare or threatened and worthy of protection. kahu parirau, kua hono tahi, he haenga anÇ kei te mata; This Fauna of New Zealand contribution is aimed at ng~ parirau, he rite ki te kiriuhi, he tino poto, he toenga specialists and non-specialists; it should greatly facilitate parirau kau. He m~m~ te tautohu i te nuinga o ng~ p§tara identification and information gathering. Its purpose is to nei i a r~tou e ora ana, i te rerek‘ o t~ r~tou karapetapeta provide for the first time a review of all New Zealand haere i te papa.