Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Ortiz, Santiago Cardosoa, a new genus of the subtribe Anisopappinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae) Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 67, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2010, pp. 7-11 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55613492001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 2235_Cardosoa:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:41 Página 7 Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(1): 7-11 enero-junio 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2235 Cardosoa, a new genus of the subtribe Anisopappinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae) by Santiago Ortiz Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain [email protected] Abstract Resumen Ortiz, S. 2010. Cardosoa, a new genus of the subtribe Aniso - Ortiz, S. 2010. Cardosoa, un nuevo género de la subtribu Ani- pappinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid. so pappinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Ma- 67(1): 7-11. drid. 67(1): 7-11 (en inglés). The new genus Cardosoa of the subtribe Anisopappinae (Athrois - Se describe el nuevo género Cardosoa de la subtribu Anisopap- meae, Asteraceae) is described for the species Anisopappus pinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae) para la especie Anisopappus athanasioides from the Angola Plateau. The diagnostic morpho- athanasioides del planalto de Angola. Se discuten los caracteres logical characteristics of the new genus are discussed, and con- morfológicos más distintivos del nuevo género, especialmente trasted to those in Anisopappus its putative sister genus. The frente a Anisopappus. Los caracteres morfológicos de mayor va- main distinguishing features of Cardosoa in Athroismeae are its lor diagnóstico son el tipo de inflorescencia y la presencia en Car- inflorescence morphology, the bilabiate marginal florets, and dosoa de flores marginales bilabiadas y flores del disco zigomor- shallowly zygomorphic disc florets. fas en mayor o menor medida. Keywords: Asteridae, Compositae, Tropical Africa, Angola, Palabras clave: Asteridae, Compositae, África tropical, Angola, Huambo, systematics, taxonomy, morphology. Huambo, sistemática, taxonomía, morfología. Introduction Material and methods In 1995 Ortiz & Paiva described the species Aniso - Morphological characters were studied in herba- pappus athanasioides (Asteraceae) from somewhat im- rium specimens of the 18 species of Anisopappus (in- mature material collected by H. Cardoso in Chianga cluding A. athanasioides) from BM, COI, K, LISC, (Huambo), on the Angola Plateau. Eldenäs & Ander- LISE, LISU, LUA, LUAI, P and PRE. berg (1996: 174) considered the specimen from which Macromorphological characters were studied with it was described to be “significantly different from all the aid of a light microscope. For microscopic exami- other species of Anisopappus”. We subsequently found nation of floral parts, these were first boiled in water more complete material of this taxon and discovered with a surfactant, and subsequently mounted in Hoy- that, besides its distinct capitula and inflorescence, it er’s solution (Anderson, 1954). Cypsela sections were has bilabiate (i.e. with one adaxial and three abaxial cut by hand with razor blades. Micromorphological lobes) marginal florets when mature, very different to and anatomical characters were studied with a com- those of Anisopappus Hook & Arn., which always are pound light microscope. true ray florets. In view of these and other very marked For examination of corolla and cypsela features, flo- morphological differences with respect to Anisopappus rets were mounted on aluminium stubs and coated with and other related members of the Astera ceae, we de- a c. 30-nm gold layer for study with a LEO 435VP scan- scribe a new genus for this species. ning electron microscope (SEM) operating at 15 kV. 2235_Cardosoa:calongea.qxd 11/06/2010 09:41 Página 8 8 S. Ortiz Description The generic name honors Helder Cardoso, the first collector of this plant, and João Cardoso, who has ac- Cardosoa S. Ortiz & Paiva, gen. nov. companied us and provided invaluable help during Type species: Cardosoa athanasioides (Paiva & S. our collecting trips in Angola. Ortiz) S. Ortiz & Paiva, comb. nov. – Anisopappus at- hanasioides Paiva & S. Ortiz in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 117: Discussion 40 (1995) (Basion.). TYPE: Angola, Huambo dis- trict, Huambo, Chianga, 1700 m, 10 May 1965, was- As a result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis using teland and grassy areas, Helder Cardoso s.n. (COI, the cpDNA marker ndhF, Eldenäs & al. (1999) sug- holotypus). gested that Anisopappus should be assigned to He- liantheae s.l. instead of Inuleae as proposed by seve ral A genere Anisopappus differt capitulis racemosis, flo- authors in the last decade (Anderberg, 1991; Ander- ribus marginalibus capituli uniuscuisque bilabiatis - berg, 1994; Eldenäs & Anderberg, 1996; Ortiz & al., limbo quidem abaxiali 1.5-2 mm longo nerviisque lo- 1996; Eldenäs & al., 1998). In that analysis Anisopap- bulorum usque ad basin divisis - floribusque centralibus pus forms a trichotomy with the Athroisma–Blepharis - plus minusve zygomorphis ob lobulorum corollinorum permum group and with the remaining genera of He- inaequalem satis incisionem. liantheae s.l. Panero & Funk (2002), on the basis of a Subshrubs. Stems terete, without resin canals, her- phylogenetic analysis of the entire Asteraceae family baceous parts with multiseptate hairs. Leaves alternate, using a large number of chloroplast DNA markers, simple, entire, linear, with revolute margins, with short suggested that the group Athroisma-Blepharisper- petioles or petioles wanting. Capitula cyathiform, mum, already found by Kim & Jansen (1995) in their arranged in racemiform cymes (Fig. 1a); phyllaries in 3- analysis of the Asteraceae using the marker ndhF, 4 rows, acute, with non-scarious margins. Receptacles should be considered a tribe, which they denominate flat, paleate; paleae folded, acute, with glandulose api- Athroismeae (including the genera Athroisma DC., ces. Marginal florets female, sometimes with stamino- Blepharispermum Wight ex DC., and Leucoblepharis des, in one row. Corolla bilabiate (Fig. 1b), with one Arn.), phylogenetically situated between a) a clade in- adaxial and three abaxial lobes (very rarely pseudobila- cluding the tribes Inuleae and Plucheeae - the latter biate, with one adaxial and four abaxial lobes), yellow. currently included in Inuleae by its author (Ander- Disc florets perfect. Corolla tubular, sligthly zygo- berg & Eldenäs, 2007; Anderberg, 2009) - and b) a morphic, with straight epidermal-cell walls, without large monophyletic group including the rest of sub- crystals, yellow; corolla lobes 5, short, with the depth of family Asteroideae (Heliantheae s.l.). A similar posi- the sinuses varying among them (Figs. 1c, 2c), without tion for this tribe is also supported by the phylogenet- sclerenchymatous cells accompanying the submarginal ic analyses of Panero & Funk (2008). These authors narrow vascular strands. Stamen filaments without had already noted the possibility of including Ani - oxalate crystals; anthers shortly calcarate, with short, sopappus in this tribe. Also recently Panero (2005) de- unbranched tails; endothecial tissue polarized; cells of scribed the new subtribe Anisopappinae, with the filament collar wider than long. Style without star-sha- sole genus Anisopappus, within the tribe Athrois- ped oxalate crystals, with obtuse sweeping-hairs not meae. In 2007 Panero also included in Anisopap- rea ching the style branch bifurcation; style branches pinae the genus Welwitschiella O. Hoffm. although with obtuse, rounded apices, stigmatic areas in two api- more recently Anderberg (2009) removed this genus cally confluent lines, style branch veins narrow. Cypse- from the Athroismeae based on his preliminary mole- lae (immature) cylindric to slightly obconic (Figs. 1b, cular phylogenetic analyses which nested it within the 1c), ribbed, hairy, without conspicuous sclerenchyma- tribe Astereae as was confirmed by Brouillet & al. tic tissue, with small oxalate crystals of diverse shape (2009). Cardosoa is very probably a member of that (as “crystal sand”) in the epidermis, without secretory subtribe taking into account its morphological affini- ducts; carpopodium absent. Pappus of inconspicuous ties to Anisopappus and we are currently carrying out short scales (Fig. 1b, c; line drawing in Ortiz & Paiva, a molecular phylogenetic analyses using the markers 1995; Fig. 1). ITS and ndhF to check the relationships of Cardosoa. Differences in inflorescence morphology can be Other representative specimen examined readily used to separate Cardosoa from its putative ANGOLA. Huambo: Chianga, ca. 1700 m, 7-V-1967, M. Silva sister taxon Anisopappus. Cardosoa has racemiform 2070 (LISC); 10 km from Cachiungo on the right side of the road cymes (Fig. 1a) whereas the genus Anisopappus, has Cachiungo-Bailundo, 1.5 km from the river Ko, ca. 1700 m, 23-VI- 2007, S. Ortiz 847, J.A.R. Paiva, J. Rodríguez-Oubiña, R. Carballal, corymbose or subcorymbose cymes (Fig. 1d), some- M. Serrano & M. Soares (SANT). times with capitula on long peduncles that