TH E MANUAL RICHARD CONN NEW YORK ZOETROPE ZCPR3 The Manual Copyright 1985, New York Zoetrope, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction by any means, electronic, photographic, or otherwise, is strictly forbidden under U.S. and International copyright laws without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Number: 84-061790 ISBN 0-918432-59-6 New York Zoetrope 80 East 11th Street New York, NY 10003 ZCPR3 The Manual was set in H-P Times Roman. The book was printed and bound by Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group at their York, PA. plant. Production: Mitch Knauffs, Chris Terry, Richard White. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: June, 1985 5 4 3 2 1 FOREWORD This book has been greatly needed since the release of ZCPR3 about six months ago. It took about eight months to write ZCPR3 and its online documentation. Surprisingly, it took six months to produce this book; to say the least, this book took much more effort and time than anticipated. But I feel it was worth it, and I thank the community of users who have patiently waited for the book to be completed. I thank Chris Terry for his monumental effort in performing the technical editing for this book. I also thank Frank Gaude of Echelon for his support. Finally, I thank my parents and my second family for the support and encouragement they gave me throughout the trial of creating the book. I believe that the end result is worth it. DEDICATED to my parents and my second family Richard Conn December 17, 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Using ZCPR3 and Command Definitions 1 ZCPR3 and CP/M 3 2 Basic ZCPR3 Concepts 7 3 TOOLSET of ZCPR3 21 ALIAS (Version 1.1) 21 CD (Version 3.0) 23 CLEANDIR (Version 1.0) 24 CMD (Version 1.0) 25 CMDRUN 26 COMMENT (Version 2.0) 26 CP (SYSRCP) 27 CPSEL (Version 1.0) 28 CRC (Version 2.0) 29 DEV (Version 1.0) 30 DEVICE (Version 1.0) 31 DIFF (Version 2.0) 31 DIR (Version 1.0) 33 DIR (CP-Resident) 34 DIR (RCP-Resident, provided in SYS.RCP) 34 DPROG (Version 1.0) 35 DU/DIR Forms 42 DU3 (Version 1.0) 43 ECHO (Version 1.0) 44 ECHO (CP-Resident or RCP-Resident) 45 ELSE (from SYSFCP Version 1.0) 45 ERA (CP-Resident) 46 ERA (RCP-Resident) 46 ERASE (Version 5.0) 47 ERROR1 (Version 1.0) 48 ERROR2 (Version 1.0) 48 ERROR3 (Version 1.0) 49 ERROR4 (Version 1.0) 49 ERRORX (Version 1.0) 49 FI (from SYSFCP 1.0) 50 FINDF (Version 2.0) 50 GET (CP-Resident) 51 GO (CP-Resident or RCP-Resident) 52 GOTO (Version 1.0) 52 HELP (Version 5.0) 54 HELPCK (Version 1.0) 55 HELPPR (Version 1.0) 56 IF (Version 1.1) 56 IF (FCP-Resident) 58 IFSTAT (Version 1.0) 59 JUMP (CP-Resident) 59 LDR (Version 1.0) 60 LIST (CP-Resident) 61 LIST (RCP-Resident) 61 MCOPY (Version 1.4) 62 MENU (Version 3.2) 64 MKDIR (Version 3.0) 65 MU (RCP-Resident) 65 MU3 (Version 1.0) 66 NOTE 69 P (RCP-Resident) 69 PAGE (Version 2.0) 70 PATH (Version 3.0) 71 POKE (RCP-Resident) 72 PRINT (Version 2.0) 73 PROT (RCP-Resident) 74 PROTECT (Version 2.0) 75 PWD (Version 1.0) 76 QUIET (Version 1.0) 77 RECORD (Version 3.0) 77 REG (Version 1.0) 79 REG (RCP-Resident) 79 REN (CP-Resident) 80 REN (RCP-Resident) 80 RENAME (Version 3.0) 80 SAK (Version 2.0) 81 SAVE (CP-Resident) 82 SETFILE (Version 1.0) 83 SH (Version 1.0) 84 SHCTRL (Version 1.0) 84 SHDEFINE (Version 1.0) 85 SHFILE (Version 1.0) 85 SHOW (Version 1.0) 86 SHSET (Version 1.0) 86 SHVAR (Version 1.0) 88 SUB (Version 3.0) 88 TCCHECK (Version 1.0) 91 TCMAKE (Version 1.0) 91 TCSELECT 97 TYPE (CP-Resident) 101 TYPE (RCP-Resident) 101 UNERASE (Version 1.0) 101 VFILER (Version 1.0) 103 VMENU (Version 1.0) 103 WHEEL (Version 3.0) 104 WHL (RCP-Resident) 105 XD (Version 1.2) 105 XDIR (Version 2.0) 107 XIF (Version 1.0) 111 Z3INS (Version 1.0) 112 Z3LOC (Version 1.0) 113 ZEX (Version 3.0) 113 4 On-Line HELP Subsystem 121 5 Menu Subsystem 133 (V)MENU Programming Command Summary 144 (V)MENU Error Messages 147 VMENUCK (Version 1.0) 147 MENUCK (Version 1.0) 147 6 Shell Subsystem 149 7 VFILER and File Maintenance 153 VFILER Command Summary 154 User Functions 155 8 DU3 Disk Utility 161 Section 2 Inside ZCPR3 9 Inside the ZCPR3 Command Processor 183 10 Inside the ZCPR3 System Segments 211 11 Inside the ZCPR3 Message Buffers 219 12 Inside ZEX 223 13 Inside the ZCPR3 Shells 225 14 Inside the ZCPR3 Error Handlers 227 15 Inside the ZCPR3 Tools 229 Section 3 Installation 16 Overview of ZCPR3 Installation 233 17 Step 1: Selcting the Features 243 18 Step 2: Planning the ZCPR3 247 19 Installation Steps 3 - 6 253 Step 3: Modifying the BIOS Cold Boot Routine 253 Step 4: Editing Z3HDR.LIB 269 Step 5: Overlaying the old BIOS and the CCP 280 Step 6: Implanting the OperatingSystem Image 280 Sample Session 280 20 Step 7: System Segment Installation 291 21 Step 8: Utility Installation 305 22 TCAP Facility 309 Appendices A Glossary of Terms 329 B Documentation 333 C References 335 ZCPR3 and SYSLIB2 Publications and Documentation ZCPR3 Manuals SYSLIB2 Manuals Software Upgrades to SYSLIB2 and ZCPR2 Sources CP/M Books ZCPR3 Sources Selected Computer Clubs ACGNJ and SIG/M New York Amateur Computer Club Echelon, Inc. New York Zoetrope, Inc. Magazine Articles on ZCPR3 ZCPR3 Newsletters ZCPR3 Configuration Management ZCPR3 Electronic Bulletin Board D Obtaining Free Software 339 Index 347 S e c t io n 1 Using ZCPR3 and Command Definitions "As long as there were no machines, programming was not a problem at all; when we had a few weak computers, programming became a mild problem and now that we have gigantic computers, programming has become an equally gigantic problem. In this sense the electronic industry has not solved a single problem, it has only created them—it has created the problem of using its product." E.W. Dijkstra, ACM Turing Award Lecture, 1972 "In the development of our understanding of complex phenomena, the most powerful tool available to the human intellect is abstraction. Abstraction arises from a recognition of similarities between certain objects, situations, or processes in the real world, and the decision to concentrate on these similarities, and to ignore for the time being the differences." C.A.R. Hoare, Notes on Data Structuring. This book is divided into three sections. Section 1 deals with learning and using the system. In Chapters 1-2, the philosophy of ZCPR3 is presented, ZCPR3 and CP/M 2.2 are compared, and the basic concepts of ZCPR3 are outlined. Chapter 3 presents the ZCPR3 Toolset in detail; all of the commands are listed in alphabetic order, with their syntax, their application, and examples of how to use them. After reading these chapters, a person should be ready to use the ZCPR3 System. Chapters 4 through 8 discuss the online Help, Menu, and Shell subsystems, together with two of the major tools (YFILER and DU3) in somewhat more detail than could be given in Chapter 3. Section 2 discusses the internal structure and workings of some parts of ZCPR3; this section, comprising Chapters 9 through 15, is aimed at the systems programmer who will be using, installing, and adapting to his own needs a ZCPR system. Section 3 contains detailed instructions for installing a ZCPR3 system. Chapter 16 presents an overview of the installation process, which is complex and requires familiarity with assembly language programming and the interface requirements of CP/M. Chapter 17 offers guidance on how to select the many features available if you don’t have enough memory or disk space to accommodate all of them. Chapters 18 through 22 describe in detail the installation procedures and the ZCPR3 tools that make life easier for the installer. Do not be put off by the complexities of Section 3. If you merely want to use ZCPR3 with all its flexibility and added power, you can obtain a self-installing version, called Z3-DOT-COM from Echelon, Inc. This version pokes and pries into your own system until it has all the required information, and then begins the installation process automatically, reporting on your console as it completes installation of each feature and utility. Two very simple commands entered from the keyboard do all the work for you. But if you are installing ZCPR3 from the source files, or if you want to adapt the system to meet special needs of your own, then you will need to study Section 3 very l 2 Using ZCPR3 and Command Definitions Sec. 1 closely. Throughout this book a working knowledge of CP/M 2.2 is assumed. Further, since ZCPR3 is not compatible with CP/M versions earlier than 2.2, the reader should assume that all references to "CP/M" mean "CP/M version 2.2." Using ZCPR3 and Command Definitions Sec. 1 3 1 ZCPR3 AND CP/M This chapter explains the ideas and motivation behind ZCPR3. It describes, in some detail, what ZCPR3 offers to the user and what the user needs to understand in order to make effective use of ZCPR3.