Die Expeditionen ANTARKTIS XVIl1-2 des Forschungsschiffes POLARSTERN 199811999 The Expeditions ANTARKTIS XVIl1-2 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN in 199811999 Herausgegeben von I Edited by Eberhard Fahrbach und Saad EI Naggar unter Mitarbeit der Fahrtteilnehmer with contributions of the participants Ber. Polarforsch. Meeresforsch. 380 (2001) ISSN 0176 - 5027 ANTARKTIS XVII1-2 Bremerhaven-Kapstadt Kapstadt-Kapstadt KOORDINATOR Prof. Dr. H. Miller FAHRTLEITER Dr. S. EI Naggar Dr. E. Fahrbach Inhaltlcontent Seite Fahrtabschnitt ANTXVIl1 Bremerhaven-Kapstadt ...........................1 Zusammenfassung und Fahrverlauf .....................................................1 Abnahme und Erprobungsarbeiten....................................................... 1 Maßnahme im Rahmen der Generalreperatur.................................... 1 Das Unterwassernavigationssystem POSIDONIA 6000 .......................4 Luftchemisches Forschungsprogramm................................................. 5 Probenahmen zur Bestimmung von Organo-Halogenverbindungen ....5 und Alkylnitraten in Luft und Oberflächenwassedes Atlantik Aufnahme eines Nord-Süd-Profilmittelflüchtige Halogenkohlen- wasserstoffe .........................................................................................6 Aufnahme eines Nord-Süd-Profilder biogenen und anthropogenen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe .................................................................7 Globale Verteilung von Alkylnitraten in der marinen Grundschicht der Troposphär .........................................................................................8 Fahrtabschnitt ANTXVIl2 Kapstadt-Kapstadt................................... 9 Zusammenfassung und Fahrtverlauf ....................................................9 Die Wetterverhältniss .......................................................................20 Von Kapstadt zur Neumayer-Station ..................................................20 Von der Neumayer-Station zur Filchner -Station ................................20 Im südlicheWeddellmeer .................................................................20 Von der Filchner-Station zur Neumayer-Station .................................21 Von der Neumayer-Station nach Kapstadt .........................................21 Die Eisbedingungen ...........................................................................26 Forschungs-, Versorgungs- und Umbauarbeiten an der Neumayer-Station ..............................................................................33 Ablauf der Versorgung ........................................................................33 Allgemeine Logistik ............................................................................34 Observatorienbetrieb ..........................................................................35 2.4.3.1 Geophysikalisches Observatorium .....................................................35 2.4.3.2 Meteorologisches Observatorium .......................................................36 2.4.3.3 Luftchemisches Observatorium ..........................................................37 2.4.3.4 Rechnersystem und Netzwerk............................................................ 38 2.4.3.5 UV-B-Dosimetrieprogramm ................................................................39 2.4.4 PEAN199:Reaktive Stickoxide, Hydroperoxide und Formaldehyd in der antarktischen Troposphär und ihre Wechselwirkung mit der Firnschicht ..........................................................................................39 2.4.4.1 Einleitung ............................................................................................39 2.4.4.2 NO-, NO2-und Noy-Messungen.......................................................... 40 2.4.4.3 PAN-, 03-und CO-Messungen ........................................................... 41 2.4.4.4 Alkylnitrat und anorganisches Nitrat ...................................................41 2.4.4.5 Peroxid- und Formaldehyd-Messungen.............................................. 42 2.4.5 Installation eines bodengestützteDOAS-Instruments im luft- chemischen Observatorium der Neumayer-Station ............................43 2.5 Landexpeditionen und Flugprogramm ................................................44 2.5.1 Flugprogramm .................................................................................... 44 Glaziologie .........................................................................................49 The Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 98/99. NARE 98/99 .................................................................................................50 Abbau und Abtransport der Filchner-Station ..................................... 52 Zirkulation und Modifikation der Wassermassen im Südpolarmee... 64 Untersuchungen zum Schwermetallmetabolismus polarer Amphipoden und Decapoden ............................................................93 Leg ANT XVI11 Bremerhaven - Cape Town ....................................95 Summary and itinerary ......................................................................95 Testing of the New installations .........................................................95 Work in the context of the midlife conversion .................................... 95 The Underwater Navigation System POSIDONIA 6000 .................... 96 Atmospheric Chemistry .....................................................................97 Sampling in the air and surface water of the North- and South Atlantic Ocean for the determination of organohalogen compounds and alkyl nitrates ...............................................................................97 Northlsouth profile of semi-volatile halogen hydrocarbons ................97 Global distribution of alkyl nitrates in the marine boundary layer of the Atlantic Ocean .............................................................................98 Northlsouth profile of biogenic and man-made volatile organo- halogen compounds ..........................................................................99 Leg ANT XVIl2 Cape Town - Cape Town ......................................100 Summary and itinerary .....................................................................100 Weather conditions ...........................................................................109 From Cape Town to Neumayer Station ............................................109 From Neumayer Station to Filchner Station...................................... 109 In the southern Weddell Sea ............................................................109 From Filchner Station to Neumayer Station...................................... 110 From Neumayer Station to Cape Town ............................................110 Sea ice conditions ............................................................................111 Research, Supply and construction operations at the Neumayer Station ..............................................................................................113 Supply operations .............................................................................113 General logistics ...............................................................................113 Research Programme and observatories .........................................114 2.4.3.1 Geophysical observatory ..................................................................114 2.4.3.2 Meteorological observatory ..............................................................115 2.4.3.3 Air chemistry observatory .................................................................116 2.4.3.4 Computersystem and network ..........................................................116 2.4.3.5 UV-B-Dosimetry ............................................................................... 117 2.4.4 PEAN199C: Nitrogen oxides, hydroperoxides and formaldehyde in the Antarctic troposphere and their interaction with the firn layer .................................................................................................. 117 2.4.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................117 2.4.4.2 NO, NOgand NoÃmeasurements ..................................................... 118 2.4.4.3 PAN, O3 and CO measurements ...................................................... 118 2.4.4.4 Alkyl nitrates and inorganic nitrate measurements ........................... 119 2.4.4.5 Peroxide and formaldehyde measurements ..................................... 120 Installation of a ground-based DOAS Instrument at the Neumayer Station air chemistry observatory .....................................................120 Landoperations and flight Programmes ............................................121 Airborne Programme ........................................................................121 Glaciology .........................................................................................123 The Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 98/99, NARE 98/99 ................................................................................................124 Dismantling of the Filchner Station ...................................................126 Circulation and water mass formation in the Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean .........................................................................132 Investigations on the metal metabolism in polar amphipods and decapods ..........................................................................................140