INSTITUT FÜR BIBLIOTHEKS-UND INFORMATIONSWISSENSCHAFT HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN Attitudes, habits, norms and policies regarding co-authorship among forest scientists in Brazil Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor philosophae (PhD) eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultät I Dekan: Prof. Dr. Michael Seadle Von: MSc. Mariano Senna da Costa Gutachterinnen: 1. Prof. Dr. Michael Seadle, Ph.D 2. Prof. Dr. Vitor Afonso Hoeflich, Ph.D Affiliations: – Berlin School of Library and Information Science at the Humboldt University / Germany – Escola de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal do Paraná / Curitiba-Brasil Datum der Einreichung: 12/05/2016 Datum der Disputation: 25/07/2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................VI Abstract................................................................................................................................. VIII Zusammenfassung...................................................................................................................X Keywords................................................................................................................................ XII Focus of Interest.....................................................................................................................XII Preface – The idea of this research........................................................................................XII 1. General Presentation............................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Central Research Question.............................................................................................7 2. Methodological Scope...........................................................................................................9 2.1.Co-authorship..............................................................................................................11 2.2.Research strategy........................................................................................................19 Focus............................................................................................................................ 19 Goals............................................................................................................................ 19 Target Group.................................................................................................................20 Sampling technique......................................................................................................21 Relevance and significance of the target group............................................................22 2.3.Questionnaire's structure.............................................................................................25 Quantitative (survey).....................................................................................................25 Qualitative (in-depth interview)......................................................................................25 Questionnaire's application...........................................................................................26 3.Literature Review - scientific collaboration on the Internet...................................................36 Practical examples........................................................................................................37 3.1 Missing questions.........................................................................................................39 3.2 Origins of a problem.....................................................................................................43 3.3 Exploring the Meanings of Collaboration in Science....................................................45 3.3.1 New Conceptual Framework for "Scientific Collaboration"...................................47 3.4 Changes in Writing and Publishing..............................................................................54 Disruptive technology....................................................................................................59 3.5 Understanding Problems of Collaboration....................................................................63 Paradigm shift...............................................................................................................64 Information literacy........................................................................................................70 Information access........................................................................................................71 Institutional policy..........................................................................................................72 Context ideology...........................................................................................................72 3.6 Assessing Collaboration through Co-authoring............................................................73 The issue of competition...............................................................................................75 The issue of quantity.....................................................................................................77 The issue of quality.......................................................................................................79 4. The Brazilian Context..........................................................................................................82 4.1 Quantity x Quality.........................................................................................................83 4.2 Legal scope..................................................................................................................85 Expert paper nr. 977/65 (C.E.Su) – defining graduate education..................................86 Resolution nr.05/83 (CFE) – standards for post-graduate studies................................87 Federal Law nr. 9.394/96 – updating guidelines for graduate education.......................87 Resolution nr.02/98 (C.E.Su) – Intellectual production..................................................89 Act Nr. 3860/01 – evaluating graduate education.........................................................90 Resolution 32/04 (CEPE – UFPR) – Publications' support at the UFPR.......................91 Resolution 65/09 (CEPE – UFPR) – Rules and norms for graduate programs.............92 4.3 Principles of graduate education in Brazil....................................................................94 4.4 Journals and publishing...............................................................................................97 How an academic of Forestry proceeds when publishing an article..............................98 5. Data, Results & Analysis...................................................................................................100 5.1 Procedures.................................................................................................................100 Information Search Techniques...................................................................................100 Interviews....................................................................................................................102 II 5.2 Preparative inquiries..................................................................................................105 5.3. Quantitative Data......................................................................................................108 Demographics.............................................................................................................108 Tools usage.................................................................................................................110 Tools for information exchange / sharing.....................................................................115 Tools for publishing and work dissemination...............................................................116 Tools for bibliography management............................................................................118 Core characteristics of current research collaborations..............................................119 Characteristics of collaborative writing and publishing................................................120 5.4 Qualitative Data..........................................................................................................126 Reasons behind the choice of communication tools...................................................126 Interests and motivations for publishing academic texts.............................................128 Alternatives for publishing academic texts – The Open-Access case.........................137 Motivations to write papers in co-authorship...............................................................143 Institutional support for collaboration / co-authorship..................................................145 Main barriers for collaboration – What is missing?......................................................147 5.5 Data analysis according to the research questions....................................................159 6. Conclusion........................................................................................................................167