S. Hae. 98-519 NATIONAL HISTORICAL INTELLIGENCE MUSEUM HEARING BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE UNITEI STATES SENATE NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON NATIONAL HISTORICAL INTELLIGENCE MUSEUM NOVEMBER 3, 1983 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 28-636 WASHINGTON: 1984 SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE [Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Colig.; 2d Sess.] BARRY GOLDWATER, Arizona, Chairman DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, New York, Vice Chairman JAKE GARN, Utah WALTER D. HUDDLESTON, Kentucky JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island JOSEPH R. BIDEN, Sn., Delaware RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont DAVID DURENBERGER, Minnesotar LLOYD BENTSEN, Texas WILLIAM V. ROTH, Ja., Delaware SAM NUNN, Georgia HARRISON H. SCHMITT, New Mexico HOWARD H. BAKER, SJ., Tennessee, RB Officio Membel ROBERT C. BYRD,, West Virginia, LwXOfficio Member ROaEaT SIMMONS,D. Staff Director GAIR R. SCHMITT, Minority Staff Drector .VICToRIA TOENSING, Chief Counsel PETER M. SULLIVAN, Minority Counsel .DoaTHEA RosEasoN, Chief Clerk (II) PREFACE .On April 26, 1983, we were joined by all members of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in introducing Senate Concurrent Resolution 28. The purpose of this resolution was to support the estab- lishment of a National Historical Intelligence Museum. Later in the year we introduced Senate Resolution 267 with the same purpose. On November 3, 1983, open hearings were held by the full committee on this Senate resolution. Witnesses included the following: William J. Casey, Director of Central Intelligence; Walter Pforzheimer, for- mer General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency and noted intelligence historian; Martin G. Cramer, president of the National Historical Intelligence Museum Association; William E. Colby, for- mer Director of Central Intelligence; Lt. Gen. William Quinn, U.S. Army (retired), former Deputy Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and consultant to this committee; Dr. David Kahn, editor and author, and Joseph Persico, author. We feel that intelligence has played an important role in the history of our country, both in peacetime and during periods of war. A Na- tional Historical Intelligence Museum would provide the American people with insights into the important but complicated world of intel- ligence-a world which is often misunderstood and unfairly criti- cized. This museum would give the American people a unique oppor- tunity to learn about the contributions of intelligence to our Nation's history. BARRY GOLDWATER, . Chairman. DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, Vice Chairman. CONTENTS THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1983 LIST OF WITNESSES Page William J. Casey, Director of Central Intelligence---------------------- 3 Walter Pforzheimer, former General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency ----------------------------------------------------------- 0 Lt. Gen. William Quinn, U.S. Army (retired) -------------------------- 16 William E. Colby, former Director, Central Intelligence Agency ---------- 18 Dr. David Kahn, editor and author ---------------------------------- 19 Joseph E. Persico, author --------------------------------------------- 21 Martin G. Cramer, president, National Historical Intelligence Museum --- 23 PROCEEDINGS Chairman's opening statement -------------------------------------- 1 Statement by Senator.Hecht --------------------------------------- 2 Statement of William J. Casey, Director of Central Intelligence ---------- 3 General Washington, first Intelligence Director ---------- 3 Covert arms supported American Revolution -------------- ------ 3 History of intelligence ------------------------------------------ 4 Public museum ---------------------------------------------- CIA contribution limited ------------------------------------------ 5 Statement of Walter Pforzheimer, former Legislative Counsel, CIA, mem- ber of the executive committee and board of directors of the Association of Former Intelligence Officers, and collector of intelligence memorabilia- 6 George Washington, greatest Intelligence officer --------------------- 7 Exhibit items---------------------------------------------------- 8 Museum location, cost, exhibits ------------------------------------ 10 Prepared statement of Walter Pforzheimer ------------------------- 11 List of exhibits to accompany the testimony of Walter Pforzheimer.. 14 Biographical sketch of Walter L. Pforzheimer --------------------- 15 Statement of Lt. Gen. William W. Quinn, U.S. Army (retired) ------------ 16 Combat forces Intelligence------------------------------------ 16 Summary of duties in field of intelligence of Lt. Gen. William W. Quinn, U.S. Army (retired) ------ --------------------------- 17 Panel introduction ------------------------------------------ 18 Statement of Mr. William E. Colby, former Director of Central Intelligence --------------------------------------------------- 18 Statement of Dr. David Kahn, editor and author ----------------------- 19 Purpose of Intelligence Museum--------------------------------- 20 Statement of Joseph E. Persico, author ------------------------------ 21 Statement of Martin G. Cramer, president, National Ristorical Intelli- gence Museum ----------------------------------------------- 23 Proposed museum ------------------------------------------- 24 Displays ------------------------------------------------------- 24 Exhibit selection -------------------------------------------- 25 Prepared statement of Martin G. Cramer on proposed project for a National Historical Intelligence Museum, before the Senate Perma- nent Select Committee on Intelligence, November 3, 1983 ----------- 26 Prepared statement of Senator David Durenberger --------------------- 28 Statement by Senator Inouye----------------------------------------- 29 (V) APPENDIX Establishment of. a National Historical Intelligence Museum, Senate Page Resolution 267 (Congressional Record, Nov. 17, 1983)----------------- 31 Statement of Lt. Gen. Eugene F. Tighe, Jr., USAF (retired-), former Direc- tor of Defense Intelligence Agency ------------------------------- 32 Statement of J. Milnor Roberts, vice president, National Historical Intelli- gence Museum, and vice president, National- Intelligence Study Center--. 32 Statement by Maurice Matloff, former Chief Historian, Center for Military History, Department of the Army, and member, advisory board, National Historical Intelligence Museum------------------------------------- 33 Statement of George C. Constantinides------------------------------ 34 Statement of Russell F. Weigley, professor of history, Temple University 34 Statement of Lawrence McWilliams, former Chief, Foreign Counter Intel- ligence Training, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and member, board, National Historical Intelligence Museum---------------------------- 34 Statement of Richard K. Betts, senior fellow, the Brookings Institution, and member, advisory board, National Historical Intelligence Museum-- 35 Statement by Roger Pineau, captain, USNR (retired), and member, . board, National Historical Intelligence Museum ---------------------- 35 Letter to Senator Barry Goldwater from James R. Withrow, Jr., chairman of the William J. Donovan Memorial Foundation, Inc---- '36 Letter to Hon. Barry Goldwater from Minor Myers, Jr., professor of gov- ernment, assistant secretary general, the Society of the Cincinnati, Con- necticut College ----------------------------------------------- 37 Letter to Hon. Barry Goldwater from Ray S. Cline, president, National In- telligence Study Center ----------------------------------------- 38 Telegram to Hon. Barry Goldwater from William J. Morgan, Ph. D ------- 38 NATIONAL HISTORICAL INTELLIGENCE MUSEUM THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1983 U.S. SENATE, SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:58 o'clock a.m., in room SR-385, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Barry Goldwater, chair- man of the committee, presiding. Present: Senators Goldwater (presiding), Inouye, and Hecht. Also present: Robert Simmons, staff director; Victoria Toensing, chief counsel; Dorthea Roberson, clerk of the committee; and Jean Evans, Edward Levine, Daniel Finn, Sam Bouchard, Don Wynnyczok, Pamela Crupi, Thomas Blau, George Krauss, Diane Branagan, and Benjamin Marshall, staff members. CHAIRMAN'S OPENING STATEMENT The CHAIRMAN. The meeting will come to order. I want to apologize fordthe lack of attendance of other members of the committee, but the Senate has periods when it gets into unusually busy situations. And this morning is one of these times. So not all of us can be here. In fact, I am probably going to have to leave because a bill that affects intelligence, our 1984 authorization bill, is scheduled for floor action at 10:15, and if that happens I will have to leave. The purpose of today's meeting of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence is to hear testimony supporting the establishment of a na- tional historical intelligence museum. Earlier this year I introduced legislation in the form of a resolution supporting such a museum. I am happy to say that this resolution already has the support of all of the members of the Senate Select Committee, including our vice chairman, Senator Moynihan. Intelligence has long played an important role in the history of na- tions. As well, it has always been a vital force in the history of our country.. General Washington relied very heavily on good intelligence in fighting our Revolutionary War, and intelligence