Sky Watchers Teachers’ Guide Weather Resource Acknowledgements Project Management: Victoria Hudec (Outreach Officer: Ontario; SkyW atchers National Coordinator) Author and Custom Artwork: Nicole Lantz (Sprout Educational Consulting) Photography: George Lantz (Vision Photography), Victoria Hudec and iStock Diagrams: Nicole Lantz (Sprout Educational Consulting) Special thanks are extended to Julie Turner and Environment and Climate Change Canada staff across the country for the original Sky Watchers Guide to Weather. We would also like to thank the teachers, students, and educational psychologists in the Halifax Regional School Board and Colchester East-Hants Regional School Board for their input on publication design. Also, thanks to Hannah Thomas and Lisa Vitols for their assistance in the editing process. DISCLAIMER Her Majesty is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in the reproduced material. Her Majesty shall at all times be indemnified and held harmless against any and all claims whatsoever arising out of negli- gence or other fault in the use of the information contained in this publication or product. THIRD-PARTY MATERIALS Some of the information contained in this publication or product may be subject to copyrights held by other individuals or organizations. To obtain information concerning copyright ownership and restrictions, please contact: Environment and Climate Change Canada Public Inquiries Centre 7th Floor, Fontaine Building 200 Sacré-Coeur Boulevard Gatineau QC K1A 0H3 Telephone: 819-997-2800 Toll Free: 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) Email: [email protected] ISBN: En56-257/2015E-PDF Cat. No.: 978-0-660-02002-0 Sky Watchers Teachers’ Guide - Weather Resource Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials in this publication, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Environment and Climate Change Canada’s copyright administrator. To obtain permission to reproduce Government of Canada materials for commercial purposes, apply for Crown Copyright Clearance by contacting: Environment and Climate Change Canada Public Inquiries Centre 7th Floor, Fontaine Building 200 Sacré-Coeur Boulevard Gatineau QC K1A 0H3 Telephone: 819-997-2800 Toll Free: 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) Email: [email protected] Photos: © iStock © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change, 2016 Aussi disponible en français TABLE OF CONTENTS Pedagogy ............................................................................................................... vi New Organization ..................................................................................................................vi Activating Prior Knowledge...................................................................................................vii Six Processes are Highlighted Throughout the Text .............................................................vii Graphic Organizers ............................................................................................................. viii Activities at a Glance ........................................................................................................... viii Graphic Organizers .........................................................................................G-1 Building a Weather Instrument ................................................................................. G-1 Demonstrations .......................................................................................................... G-2 1. Energy.................................................................................................1-2 Prior Knowledge ......................................................................................................... 1-2 Section Summary ........................................................................................................ 1-2 1.1 Read With Understanding: Energy ....................................................................... 1-3 Demonstration: What Energy Reaches the Earth’s Surface? ............................................. 1-7 1.2 Observe ..................................................................................................................1-9 Measuring Energy From the Sun ........................................................................................ 1-9 Thermometer ...................................................................................................................... 1-9 Building a Weather Instrument: Thermometer .................................................................... 1-9 UV Meter ...........................................................................................................................1-10 1.3 Predict ...................................................................................................................1-11 Weather Reports: Temperature .........................................................................................1-11 Weather Reports: UV Index ..............................................................................................1-11 Weather Reports: Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) ............................................................1-12 1.4 Reflect ................................................................................................................... 1-13 What Does Temperature Mean to Me? ..............................................................................1-13 What Does UV Mean to Me? .............................................................................................1-14 Investigation: Determining the Best Protection From UV ...................................................1-17 What Does Ground-level Ozone Mean to Me? ..................................................................1-18 Demonstration: How It Feels to Have Breathing Problems When AQHI is High ................1-18 2. Water Vapour .....................................................................................2-2 Prior Knowledge ......................................................................................................... 2-2 Section Summary ........................................................................................................ 2-2 2.1 Read With Understanding: Water Vapour ...........................................................2-3 Demonstration: From Liquid to Vapour and Back Again ..................................................... 2-4 Sky Watchers Teachers’ Guide: Weather Resource i TABLE OF CONTENTS Naming Clouds ................................................................................................................... 2-7 From the Ground Up .......................................................................................................... 2-8 Demonstration: Warm Air Rises and Then Condenses as it Cools ...................................2-11 2.2 Observe ................................................................................................................ 2-14 Measuring Humidity ...........................................................................................................2-14 Observing Clouds ..............................................................................................................2-15 2.3 Predict .................................................................................................................. 2-16 Weather Reports: Clouds ..................................................................................................2-16 Weather Reports: Humidex ...............................................................................................2-18 Predict Weather Using Signs Found in Nature: Condensation and Humidity ....................2-19 Weather Reports: Particulate Matter .................................................................................2-21 2.4 Reflect .................................................................................................................. 2-24 What Does Particulate Matter Mean to Me? ......................................................................2-24 What Do Clouds and Humidity Mean to Me? .....................................................................2-24 3. Precipitation .......................................................................................3-2 Prior Knowledge .........................................................................................................3-2 Section Summary ........................................................................................................3-2 3.1 Read with Understanding: Precipitation .............................................................3-3 Art: Comparing Raindrops ..................................................................................................3-4 Types of Precipitation .........................................................................................................3-4 3.2 Observe ..................................................................................................................3-6 Measuring Precipitation ......................................................................................................3-6 Building a Weather Instrument: Recycled Rain Gauge ....................................................... 3-7 3.3 Predict .................................................................................................................