Joint Publication 3-06 Joint Urban Operations 08 November 2009 PREFACE 1. Scope This publication provides joint doctrine for the planning, execution, and assessment of joint operations in an urban environment and explains how they differ from operations undertaken in other environments. 2. Purpose This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. 3. Application a. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, and the Services. b. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: LLOYD J. AUSTIN III Lieutenant General, USA Director, Joint Staff i Preface Intentionally Blank ii JP 3-06 SUMMARY OF CHANGES REVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 3-06 DATED 16 SEPTEMBER 2002 Changes the publication title from Joint Doctrine for Joint Urban Operations to Joint Urban Operations Updates the discussion on the urban environment Establishes fundamentals of joint urban operations Adds a chapter on understanding the urban operational environment Reorganizes the discussion of the urban environment in terms of political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure (PMESII) systems Expands the discussion on physical urban terrain Removes the concept for joint urban operations (i.e., understand, shape, engage, consolidate, transition) discussion Removes references to military operations other than war Removes the chapters on noncombatants and infrastructure and consolidates the discussion within the PMESII discussion Updates the discussion on operational design and phasing Adds a discussion on urban search and rescue Adds a discussion on military deception Revises the discussion on legal considerations Revises and expands the appendix on joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment Adds an appendix on assessment Deletes the appendix on joint fires for urban operations and reorganizes the discussion within chapter text Adds an appendix on urban maritime considerations and capabilities Modifies the definitions of the terms “joint urban operations” and “urban triad” iii Summary of Changes Adds definitions for the terms “objective area” and “turning movement” Removes the term “critical node,” from joint publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms iv JP 3-06 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION • General ...................................................................................................................... I-1 • Urban Environment ................................................................................................... I-2 • Characteristics of Joint Operations in Urban Environments ..................................... I-3 • Air Operations Considerations .................................................................................. I-9 • Conditions for Urban Engagement ........................................................................... I-9 • Fundamentals of Operations in Urban Environments.............................................. I-11 CHAPTER II UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT • General .................................................................................................................... II-1 • Political ................................................................................................................... II-4 • Economic ................................................................................................................ II-5 • Special Social and Cultural Considerations for Urban Areas ................................. II-5 • Information Considerations for Urban Areas ......................................................... II-8 • Infrastructure Considerations for Urban Areas ....................................................... II-8 • Other Considerations for Urban Areas ................................................................. II-10 CHAPTER III PLANNING • General ................................................................................................................... III-1 • The Strategic and Operational Context................................................................... III-1 • Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment .......................... III-12 • Operational Art and Operational Design ............................................................. III-12 • Phasing ................................................................................................................. III-19 • Range of Military Operations .............................................................................. III-21 • Other Operation Considerations for Urban Areas ................................................ III-22 CHAPTER IV JOINT FUNCTIONS • General ................................................................................................................... IV-1 • Command and Control ........................................................................................... IV-1 • Intelligence ........................................................................................................... IV-11 • Fires ...................................................................................................................... IV-16 • Movement and Maneuver .................................................................................... IV-27 • Protection ............................................................................................................. IV-32 • Sustainment .......................................................................................................... IV-38 v Table of Contents APPENDIX A Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment in Urban Areas ............................................................................................... A-1 B Assessment ...................................................................................................... B-1 C Planning Considerations for Port and Airfield Complexes ............................. C-1 D Considerations for Airspace Control in an Urban Environment ................................................................................................... D-1 E Maritime Considerations in Urban Operations ............................................... E-1 F References ....................................................................................................... F-1 G Administrative Instructions ............................................................................ G-1 GLOSSARY Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................... GL-1 Part II Terms and Definitions ............................................................................... GL-4 FIGURE I-1 Comparison of Operations in Urban and Other Environments ................................................................................................ I-5 I-2 The Decision to Conduct Joint Urban Operations ...................................... I-11 II-1 Urban Terrain ............................................................................................ II-12 II-2 Urban Functional Zones ............................................................................ II-13 III-1 Key Facility Analysis (Transportation) ................................................... III-10 III-2 Consequence Management Planning Factors ........................................... III-26 IV-1 Command and Control and the Urban Environment ...................................................................................