Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2020), 7(3): 209-221 Received: February 12, 2020 © 2020 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: August 7, 2020 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 http://www.ijichthyol.org Research Article Morphometric variation of Cork fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) from nine populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia Boby MUSLIMIN1,3, Rustadi RUSTADI1, Hardaningsih HARDANINGSIH1, Bambang RETNOAJI*2 1Doctorate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok Sleman, DIY, Indonesia. 2Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, JL Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. 3Aquaculture Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, JL. Jenderal Ahmad Yani 13 Ulu Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. *Email: [email protected] Abstract: The geographic isolation and specific character of local habitat could cause variation of morphological characteristics among Cork fish population in different locations. The plasticity of cork fish to adapt to the environment factors possibly has an impact on the different of specific morphological on fish population at different habitat. This study was conducted to investigate the traditional morphometric measurement and truss network differentiation of cork fish populations in different locations at Sumatra Island. Total of 394 cork fish specimens (consisting of 198 males and 196 females) were collected from nine different areas of rivers, swamp and lakes. The samples were analysed based on 14 morphometric (M) and 21 Truss Network Measurement (TNM) characters to find out the significant correlation of the fish on each area sampling. The transformed datasets were proceeded to multivariate testing using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results showed that cork fish had 20 distinguishing predominant characters in the head and back of the body. Based on cluster analysis, those fishes were divided into 4 groups depending on geographical isolation except one floodplain population that differs from the other population groups. We revealed that phenotypic dimorphism for female cork fish had a dominant size compared to males in head region and tail fin region. Cork fish in the lake had a dominant body height size compared to rivers and flooded swamps. Keywords: Biodiversity, Inlandwater fishes, Morphology, Snakehead Fish. Citation: Muslimin, B.; Rustadi, R.; Hardaningsih, H. & Retnoaji, B. 2020. Morphometric variation of Cork fish (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) from nine populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 7(3): 209-221. Introduction floodplain and lakes. The variation of aquatic Cork fish (Channa sp.) is an economically valuable environment has different physical, chemical and commodity especially at Asian region. It spreads to biological properties influencing the fish almost all part of Asian including India, Pakistan, reproduction and morphology as well as the China, Korea, Iran and Southeast Asia Country of availability and kind of food (Mehner & Lauridsen Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia and 2013). Interspecific variation occurring on different Indonesia (Adamson et al. 2010; Lakra et al. 2010; population should be accurately assessed. The Benziger et al. 2011; Coad 2016). This fish is usually estimation of morphological variation within species used as source of dietary protein and albumin for population could be performed using conventional medical ingredient accelerating wound healing and truss morphometric approaches (Rohlf et al. (Mustafa et al. 2012). 1993; Marcus et al. 1996). Indonesian cork fish is found at Borneo, Sumatra The applied common morphological and Java island which usually inhabits rivers, characteristics of fish are morphometrics, meristics, 209 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2020), 7(3): 209-221 Table 1. Location of fish sampling, number of specimens from each location as well as latitude and longitude. Location Code Number Coordinate Province -2.1070434⁰ Merang River MR 35 South Sumatra 104.1727669⁰ 0.3617778⁰ Kampar River KR 32 Riau 101.9083611⁰ Batang Hari -1.5661542⁰ BR 40 Jambi Sembilan River 103.6454411⁰ Lubuk Lampam -3.4807222⁰ LL 66 South Sumatra Floodplain 104.8839167⁰ 0.6435158⁰ Siak Floodplain SF 30 Riau 101.6722971⁰ -1.5627724⁰ Kumpeh Floodplain KF 48 Jambi 103.6518798⁰ -0.6703166⁰ Singkarak Lake SL 28 West Sumatra 100.5467657⁰ -4.8786111⁰ Ranau Lake RL 53 South Sumatra 104.0088889⁰ -2.9508333⁰ Cala Lake CL 62 South Sumatra 103.9775556⁰ otolites morphology, tagging markers and parasites. Research on morphological characters for cork Those characters are applied as tools to detect the fish has been documented (Nguyen & Duong 2016). diversity of fish at nature and cultivated populations However, until recently, the study on morphological (Dwivedi & Dubey 2012; Eagderi et al. 2017). characteristics of cork fish based on their sexual Morphometric characters have been widely used in dimorphisms have not been available yet. Therefore, research since the 1949 (Turan 1999), and recently, this work was conducted to evaluate the variation of its approach was developed become Truss Network morphological characters of cork fish from Measurement (TNM) (Strauss & Bookstein 1982). populations of rivers, floodplains, and lakes of Nowadays, combination of morphometric characters Sumatra island; to identify morphological characters and TNM are still main options in determining fish of cork fish based on sexual dimorphisms as well as diversity under horizontal and diagonal arrangement, to conduct analysis on variations of cork fish respectively (Dwivedi & Dubey 2012). according to morphological and truss network Morphological diversity has been already characters, respectively. conducted on carp Kalibaus labeo calbasu (Hossain et al. 2010), the genus Cyprinion (Nasri et al. 2018), Materials and Methods and Garra rufa (Keivany et al. 2015). Furthermore, Samples collection: The research was conducted the diversity using TNM characters have been from the period of May to November 2018 by already studied on gilthead seabream and Europan sampling the fishes on Merang river (MR), Kampar seabass (Sfakianakis & Somarakis 2012), River (KR), Batang Hari Sembilan River (BR), intraspecific diversity of fish spotted mackerel Lubuk Lampam Floodplain (LL), Kumpeh (Tzeng 2004), chichild fish (Habibie et al. 2018), and Floodplain (KF), Siak Floodplain (SF), Ranau Lake Clarias batrachus (Miyan et al. 2016). (RL), Cala Lake (CL) and Singkarak Lake (SL) 210 Muslimin et al.- Morphometric variation of Cork fish Table 2. Location of fish sampling, number of specimens from each location as well as latitude and longitude. Measurement Mark Distance description A1 Tip of the mouth to end of the head bone A2 Upper mouth to low operculum A3 Lower uperculum to ventral fin A4 End of head bone to ventral fin A5 Upper mouth to ventral fin A6 Low operculum to end of head bone B1 End of head bone to tip of dorsal fin B2 Ventral fin to annal fin B3 Dorsal fin to annal fin B4 Ventral fin to dorsal fin Truss network B5 End of head bone to annal fin C1 Total length of dorsal fin C2 Total length of annal fin C3 End of dorsal fin to end of annal fin C4 Innitial dorsal fin to end of annal fin C5 Initial annal fin to end of dorsal fin D1 Dorsal fin to caudal tail fin D2 Annal fin to tail fin D3 Top tail fin to bottom tail fin D4 Dorsal fin to bottom of tail fin D5 Annal fin to tail fin M1 Standard length M2 Body height M3 Caudal peduncle height M4 Distance between anal and caudal fin M5 Nape length M6 Pectoral fin length M7 Pelvic fin length Morphological traits M8 Head length M9 Head width M10 Preorbital distance M11 Suborbital width M12 Eye diameter M13 Maxillary length M14 Gape width (Table 1, Fig. 1). The fishes were collected with Kashyap et al. (2016a) as described in Table 2. fishnet, filtering barriers, and fishhook, and then Statistical Analysis analysed for morphometric and truss morphometric Data standardisation: The dependent data of data. morphometric and truss network characters were Fish grouping and measurement: The fishes were standardized using the transformation formula grouped into male and female specimens. (Turan 1999), as follows: Measurement of morphometric characters and TNM T=M/TL were conducted using Vernier capilers and fish board Where T = Transformation, M = Measurement measurement. A total of 14 morphometric characters and TL = Total length. The transformation results as well as 21 TM characters (Fig. 2) including were analysed for its correlation between 35 horizontal and diagonal lines at truss points of head, variables with ANOVA (P<0.05), to identify the front body, rear body, and base of the tail, were significant intraspecific variations of fish size (Reist measured following Strauss & Bookstein (1982) and 1985). 211 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (September 2020), 7(3): 209-221 Table 3. Data of weight and length of cork fish from nine populations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Average and range with standar deviation of total length and weight cork fish. Coefficient of Variance (CV) of 35 morphometric characters on nine populations. Single superscript indicated stat. difference P<0.05. Sex Ration Total length (cm) Weight (g) Location CV (%) (F/M) Range Mean+SD Range Mean+SD MR 0.84 25-36.6 30.3+2.9e 155-455 256.3+70.8d 10.7 KR 1.13 22.3-42.0 31.5+4.0d 90-580 268.9+109.2c 7.24 BR 0.66 22.7-34.8 27.6+3.1e 90-350 187.78+66.4d 7.60 LL 2.47 25.0-40.5 31.1+3.6e 100-600 261.2+103.7d 7.39 SF 0.30 20.0-40.2 26.5+4.1cd 80-570 179.4+105.1bc 10.12 KF 0.92 19.0-26.3 22.1+1.7a 56-161 90.8+23.7a 7.84 SL 1.15 20.8-38.5 24.6+3.2bc 75-490 128.6+77.1a 10.30 RL 2.21 18.0-28.5 24.1+2.4ab 60-220 137.1+38.2abc 9.31 CL 0.63 17.0-29.5 24.5+3.4bc 37-229 131.3+50.4ab 14.29 Analysis (CA) and continued for further process using SPSS version 23 and Excel 2016 programs.