Cover photo THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE’S (IOC) NEW HEADQUARTERS’ PV ROOFTOP, BUILT BY SOLSTIS, LAUSANNE SWITZERLAND One of the most sustainable buildings in the world, featuring a PV rooftop system built by Solstis, Lausanne, Switzerland. At the time of its certification in June 2019, the new IOC Headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, received the highest rating of any of the LEED v4-certified new construction project. This was only possible thanks to the PV system consisting of 614 mono-Si modules, amounting to 179 kWp and covering 999 m2 of the roof’s surface. The approximately 200 MWh solar power generated per year are used in-house for heat pumps, HVAC systems, lighting and general building operations. Photo: Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork COLOPHON Cover Photograph Solstis © IOC/Adam Mork Task Status Reports PVPS Operating Agents National Status Reports PVPS Executive Committee Members and Task 1 Experts Editor Mary Jo Brunisholz Layout Autrement dit Background Pages Normaset Puro blanc naturel Type set in Colaborate ISBN 978-3-906042-95-4 3 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2019 4 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE A warm welcome to the 2019 annual report of the International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Technology Collaboration Programme, the IEA PVPS TCP! We are pleased to provide you with highlights and the latest results from our global collaborative work, as well as relevant developments in PV research and technology, applications and markets in our growing number of member countries and organizations worldwide. 2019 has – again – confirmed the strong development of the global photovoltaic (PV) market of previous years and the continuous increase in competitiveness of solar photovoltaic power systems. As PV matures with a growing number of countries, stakeholders Due to this development, PV is increasingly becoming a strategic and organizations involved, providing well targeted, high-quality pillar of the energy policy in many of our member countries and information about relevant developments in the photovoltaic of the decarbonization of the energy system. Achieving levelized sector, as well as policy advice to our key stakeholders, remain our costs of electricity from PV well below 2 USDcents/kWh in highest priorities. Bringing the best added value to our members utility scale systems under favourable conditions, diversifying and target audiences is the goal that we pursue together. Besides PV applications and markets, establishing Gigawatt (GW) scale fostering an increased cooperation within the IEA technology markets in an increasing number of countries around the world network, stronger ties are being built with other international and a continuous evolution of the market framework set the scene organizations such as IRENA, the IEC and the International Solar for our global collaborative efforts. Alliance ISA. Compared to 2018, our market analysis for 2019 estimates an Interest and outreach for new membership within IEA PVPS increase of 12%, or approximately 115 GW, installed worldwide, continued in 2019, namely with India, Singapore and Argentina. raising the cumulative installed capacity to well above 620 GW. IEA PVPS maintains its coverage of the majority of countries China, the USA, India and Japan represented the largest markets active in development, production and installation of photovoltaic in 2019, accounting for more than 50% of the additional installed power systems. 85% of the global installed PV capacity is in IEA capacity in these four countries alone. Nine countries had more PVPS member countries. than 10 GW of cumulative PV systems capacity at the end of 2019, 39 countries had at least 1 GW cumulative capacity and Our work would not be possible without a dedicated community 18 countries installed at least 1 GW in 2019. Meanwhile, in 22 of experts and colleagues. I therefore wish to thank all Executive countries, PV contributes with 3% or more to the annual electricity Committee members, colleagues in the PVPS Management Board, supply. With the total installed capacity by the end of 2019, PV can Operating Agents and Task Experts, for their ongoing and devoted now contribute to roughly 3% of the world’s electricity generation. efforts for a unique and truly global cooperation! These dynamic market developments, progress in PV technology This IEA PVPS TCP annual report is published in a time when the and industry and a rapidly changing overall framework form the world is experiencing unprecedented challenges in coping with the basis for the activities of the IEA PVPS TCP. In 2019, IEA PVPS global Covid-19 pandemic. While we are just about to understand continued its focus on the integration of PV in the energy system. how deeply and how long many of our habits and our way of life The IEA PVPS TCP thereby broadens its scope, both in content will be affected, both professionally and privately, we can also and in cooperation with other organizations. Our key collaborative observe a unique creativity to overcome this difficult situation. projects are related to environmental assessment of PV; reliability I am convinced that we may all learn from these new experiences, and performance investigations; cost reduction; grid, building including for other challenges such as global climate change. and vehicle integration; best practice in various applications, I wish all of you the very best, stay healthy and committed ! as well as the rapid deployment of photovoltaics. Anticipating future needs, IEA PVPS also addresses recent policy and market issues, new business models, sustainable policy frameworks, as well as technical and market related integration of photovoltaics in the electricity and energy system at large. In 2019, IEA PVPS renewed its activities towards off-grid and edge-of-grid PV systems through a new Task 18, with emphasis on applications in Stefan Nowak developing and transition countries. Chairman 5 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chairman’s Message 4 Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme 6 TASK STATUS REPORTS Task 1 – Strategic PV Analysis & Outreach 8 Task 12 – PV Sustainability Activities 13 Task 13 – Performance, Operation and Reliability of PV Systems 17 Task 14 – High Penetration PV in Electricity Grids 24 Task 15 – Enabling Framework for the Acceleration of BIPV 28 Task 16 – Solar Resource for High Penetration and Large Scale Applications 33 Task 17 – PV and Transport 38 Task 18 – Off-Grid and Edge-of-Grid Photovoltaic Systems 41 PHOTOVOLTAIC STATUS AND PROSPECTS IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANISATIONS AUSTRALIA 43 AUSTRIA 45 BELGIUM 48 CANADA 51 CHILE 53 CHINA 56 COPPER ALLIANCE 59 DENMARK 60 EUROPEAN COMMISSION 63 FINLAND 66 FRANCE 67 GERMANY 71 ISRAEL 75 ITALY 77 JAPAN 82 KOREA 88 MALAYSIA 91 MOROCCO 93 THE NETHERLANDS 95 NORWAY 97 PORTUGAL 99 SOLARPOWER EUROPE 102 SPAIN 104 SWEDEN 107 SWITZERLAND 110 THAILAND 114 COMPLETED TASKS 116 ANNEXES A – IEA-PVPS Executive Committee Members 118 B – IEA-PVPS Operating Agents 120 6 / IEA PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME IEA continued development of PV technologies and markets, thus The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November paving the way for appropriate government and industry activity. 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Within the last few years, photovoltaics has evolved from a niche Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development technology to an energy technology with significant contributions (OECD), which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy to the electricity supply in several countries. IEA PVPS is using its cooperation among its member countries. The European Union current term: also participates in the IEA’s work. Collaboration in research, • to serve as a global reference on PV for policy and development and demonstration (RD&D) of energy technologies industry decision makers from PVPS TCP member countries has been an important part of the IEA’s Programme. and bodies, non-member countries and international organisations; with the addition of its most current PVPS TCP The IEA RD&D activities are headed by the Committee on Research members, it embraces all continents and subcontinents; and Technology (CERT), supported by the IEA secretariat staff, • to provide a global network of expertise for information with headquarters in Paris. In addition, four Working Parties on exchange and analysis concerning the most relevant technical Energy End-Use Technologies, Fossil Fuels, Renewable Energy and non-technical issues towards sustainable large-scale Technologies and Fusion Power, are charged with monitoring the deployment of PV; various collaborative energy agreements, identifying new areas • to act as an impartial and reliable source of information of cooperation and advising the CERT on policy matters. for PV experts and non-experts concerning worldwide trends, markets and costs; The Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP) oversees the work • to provide meaningful guidelines and recommended of ninerenewable energy agreements and is supported by the practices for state-of-the-art PV applications in meeting the Renewables and Hydrogen Renewable Energy Division at the IEA needs of planners, installers and system owners; Secretariat in Paris, France. • to contribute to advancing the understanding and solutions for integration of PV power systems in utility