Liberation Theology Along the Potomac: Labor's Golden Rule in Early American Catholicism Edward Terrar CWP Silver Spring, Maryland 2011 Publishers Cataloging-in-Publication Data Terrar, Edward Toby, 1944- Liberation Theology Along the Potomac: Labor's Golden Rule in Early American Catholicism / Edward Toby Terrar. Includes bibliographical references, index, maps and illustrations. ISBN 0-9764168-4-0. 1. Intellectual life--History. 2. Catholics--Maryland--History--17th Century. 3. Catholic Church--Clergy. 4. Catholic Church--Doctrines--History. 5. History (Theology). 6. History of doctrines--Middle Ages--Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225. 7. Liberation Theology. 8. Labor theory of value. 9. Antinomianism. 10. Spirituality. 11. Jesuits--History. 12. Drama--History. 13. Philosophy--History. 14. Politics--History. 15. Working class--Maryland--Religious life--17th century. 16. Working class--Maryland--Social conditions--17th century. 17. Maryland--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775. 18. Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775. 19. Massachusetts--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775. 20. Puritans--Massachusetts. 21. Canada--History--To 1763 (New France). 22. Indians--History. 23. England--Church History--17th century. 24. Great Britain--History--Civil War, 1642-1649. 25. Africa--Church History. 26. Africa, West--History. 27. Africa--Politics and government. 28. Brazil--History--17th century. 29. Latin America--History. 30. Ireland--History--1649-1660. 31. Portugal--History--Spanish dynasty, 1580-1640. F190.C3 T47 2011 975.2’02 CWP 15405 Short Ridge Ct. Silver Spring, Maryland 20906 http://www.angelfire.com/un/cwp To order: (301) 598 5427 E-Mail: [email protected] Contents List of Illustrations and Maps. .................................................................................v Acknowledgments.................................................................................................. vi Preface................................................................................................................... vii Maryland Scholarship. ............................................................................... ix Anti-Catholicism...................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1 The European Working-Class Background............................................1 Liberation Theology's Celebration of Labor................................................2 Working-Class Clergy. ................................................................................6 Labor-Value. ................................................................................................9 Antinomianism...........................................................................................11 Agrarian Antinomianism. ..........................................................................16 Cecil Calvert Levelled. ..............................................................................19 Enclosures Levelled...................................................................................24 Revolution Against Capitalist Theology: Racism......................................27 Capitalist Theology: Obedience and Labor. ..............................................30 Conclusion. ................................................................................................35 Chapter 2 Labor Value: Crux of Liberation Theology and the Golden Rule. ......37 The Maryland Catholics.............................................................................37 A Charism of "Hard Labor."......................................................................39 Work Life...................................................................................................41 Indian Work Life........................................................................................45 Labor's Celebration....................................................................................46 Labor Value. ..............................................................................................49 Class (Distributive) Justice: Collective Economics & Token Alms..........52 Just Price. ...................................................................................................61 Conclusion. ................................................................................................64 Chap. 3 Grass-Roots Antinomianism: Agrarian Reform & Subsistence Farming 65 Agrarian Reform. .......................................................................................65 Squatting. ...................................................................................................68 Sharecropping and Wage Labor.................................................................69 Subsistence Farming. .................................................................................70 Dealing on Labor's Terms..........................................................................75 Labor Reform.............................................................................................78 Contracting on Labor's Terms....................................................................81 Conclusion. ................................................................................................83 Chapter 4 Collective Antinomianism: Labor’s Golden Governmental Rule........85 A Parliamentary Model..............................................................................86 The Golden Rule and The Royalists' "Time of Troubles" (1644-1646). ...88 Parliamentary Rage and Fury: 1650s.........................................................92 Antinomian Judiciary.................................................................................96 Taxation. ....................................................................................................98 Conclusion. ..............................................................................................102 Chapter 5 Antinomianism’s Golden Rule in the Church....................................105 The Clergy. ..............................................................................................105 iii iv CONTENTS Praemunire: No Church Courts or Canon Law. ......................................109 Episcopacy Outlawed...............................................................................115 Regulation of Convents, Mortmain and Tithes........................................118 Pastoral Legislation..................................................................................122 Resistance to Clerical Capitalism. ...........................................................131 Conclusion. ..............................................................................................133 Chapter 6 Resistance to Landlord Theology.......................................................135 Blood and Family Racism........................................................................135 Indian-European National Chauvinism....................................................141 Africans....................................................................................................147 Conclusion. ..............................................................................................151 Chapter 7 Conclusion..........................................................................................153 Bibliography. .......................................................................................................159 Index. ...............................................................................................................179 Figure 0-1: A 1641 woodcut showing how the people took the law into their own hands against monopolists like Cecil Calvert. The caption above it reads, "The manner and form how projectors and patentors have rode a tilting in parliament time.”1 1From British Library, TT E. 156(16), p. 8, as reproduced in David Underdown, Revel, Riot and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England, 1603-1660 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 176. v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps Figure 0-1: Protest against Monopoly.................................................................... iv Figure 0-2: Soldiers..................................................................................................v Figure 0-3: William Sampson, S.J. ........................................................................ vi Figure 0-4: Weights and Money. ......................................................................... xxi Figure 1-1: Tobacco Farmer. .................................................................................36 Figure 2-1: Laboring Trades. .................................................................................64 Figure 3-1: Leveling of Calvert’s In-Laws. ...........................................................84 Figure 4-1: Leveling the Monarchy: Charles I ‘s Execution. ..............................104 Figure 5-1: Landlord Catholicism........................................................................134 Figure 6-1: Algonquian Boatmakers....................................................................152 Figure 7-1: Tobacco Husbandry. .........................................................................157 Figure 7-2: Map of Europe, Africa and America.................................................158 Figure 8-1: Old St. Pauls, London. ......................................................................177 Figure 8-2: Maryland Indian Locations in the