Class. Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/pennsylvaniagermOOnead ^mnsptoama^rnnan in tfoe •ettlentent of itflarplanfc BY DANIEL WUNDERLICH NEAD, M.D. (Univ. of Pa.) Member of the Pennsylvania-German Society ; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; the Historical Society of Berks County ; the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution, etc. " Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit."—VIRGIL ILLUSTRATED BY JULIUS F. SACHSE, LITT.D. Part XXV. of a Narrative and Critical History prepared at the request of The Pennsylvania-German Society LANCASTER, PA. 1914 /- / C5 Copyrighted 1913 BY THE pennsslvaniasfficrman Society Press of The New Era printing coupam? Lancaster, pa. ©CI.A379886 v J . -I 1914 M7. FOREWORD. " jOR a century and a half r the term " Mason and Dixon's Line" has been a more or less familiar expres- sion, and for the greater part of the latter half of that period it was frequently on men's tongues. The lines drawn on the earth's surface by geographers or laid out by the wisdom of statecraft are often taken in too literal a sense; and so, in the course of time, it came to pass that Mason and Dixon's Line came to be regarded almost as a South. tangible barrier : the line dividing the North from the Yet, as a matter of fact, were it not for the monuments set up at stated intervals it would be impossible to tell where the jurisdiction of one commonwealth ends and that of the other begins, The mountains and valleys are continuous, the fertile fields lie side by side, there is no difference to be found in the people, and it not unfrequently happens that a farm will lie partly on one side of the line and partly on the other, and there are even houses through which the line runs, one part of the house being in Maryland and the other part in Pennsylvania. vi The Pennsylvania-German Society. But outside of the question of contiguity there is a senti- mental attachment between the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Had the boundary between the two colonies been fixed at the point where the respective charters appar- ently placed it, the fortieth parallel of north latitude, a considerable portion of the territory now included within the state of Pennsylvania would belong to Maryland. The fortieth parallel runs about on a line with Lehigh Avenue in Philadelphia, so that had that meridian been decided on as the dividing line between the two colonies the greater part of the city of Philadelphia would now be situated in Maryland. So too would be a strip of territory nearly _ twenty miles in width, extending across the state and tak- ing in such towns as West Chester, York, Chambersburg, and all the fertile country surrounding those towns. In the following pages an attempt has been made to gather together in brief form what is known concerning the influence of the Pennsylvanians in the settlement of the western part of the colony of Maryland. There is no claim of originality, but use has been freely made of the results of other investigations. It is very unfortunate that there are but few records in existence concerning the period under consideration, so that many points cannot be deter- mined, but what is known has been put together in concise form for convenient reference. The writer wishes here to express his thanks to Dr. Julius F. Sachse for preparing the illustrations, which add materially to the interest in the work, and also to Dr. Frank R. Diffenderffer for material assistance in searching old records. &7Xs>v<jU CXJ 4JLrK.dJLrdU*JL Jv^a-cg Reading, Pennsylvania, ' 1 December, 1913 . CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Maryland Colony CHAPTER II. The First German Settlers 12 CHAPTER III. The Germans in Pennsylvania . 27 CHAPTER IV. The Movement to Maryland . 37 CHAPTER V. The Monocacy Road 45 CHAPTER VI. The First Settlements 50 viii The Pennsylvania-German Society. CHAPTER VII. Home-Making in the Wilderness 66 CHAPTER VIII. Mechanical Arts and Industries 80 CHAPTER IX. The Religious Life 89 CHAPTER X. Education, Redemptioners, Servitude 108 CHAPTER XI. The Border Troubles 121 CHAPTER XII. The French and Indian War 141 CHAPTER XIII. Fort Frederick 163 CHAPTER XIV. The Pre-Revolutionary Period 176 CHAPTER XV. Preparing for the Struggle 196 CHAPTER XVI. The Flying Camp 205 Contents. ix CHAPTER XVII. The German Regiment 224 CHAPTER XVIII. Service of the Maryland Troops 241 CHAPTER XIX. Forwarding the Cause at Home 260 Index to Proper Names 272 Index to Subjects 299 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Archives of Maryland. Banvard, Joseph. Pioneers of the New World, and the Old French War. Chicago, i8'8o. Bozman, John Leeds. The History of Maryland from its first Settlement, in 1633, to the Restoration, in 1660. % vols. Baltimore, 1837. Browne, William Hand. Maryland, the History of a Palatinate. Boston, 1904. Brumbaugh, Martin Grove. A History of the German Baptist Brethren in Europe and America. Mount Morris, 111., 1899. Colonial Records of Pennsylvania. Doddridge, Joseph. Notes on the Settlements and Indian Wars of the Western Parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, from the Year 1763 until the Year 1783. Wellsburgh, Va., 1824. Eddis, William. Letters from America, Historical and Descriptive. London, 1792. Griffith, Thomas W. Annals of Baltimore. Baltimore, 1824. Harbaugh, Henry. The Life of Michael Schlatter. Philadelphia, 1857. James, Bartlett B. The Labadist Colony in Maryland. Baltimore, 1899. Johnson, John. Old Maryland Manors. Baltimore, 1883. Kercheval, Samuel. A History of the Valley of Virginia. Woodstock, Va., 1850. Kuhns, Levi Oscar. The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania. New York, 1901. McCormac, Eugene Irving. White Servitude in Maryland, 1634-1820. Baltimore, 1904. of Maryland, McMahon, J. V. L. An Historical View of the Government from its Colonization to the Present Day. Baltimore, 1837. McSherry, James. History of Maryland. Baltimore, 1904. Xll Bibliography. Mereness, Newton D. Maryland as a Proprietary Province. New York, 19011. Neill, Edward. The Founders of Maryland as Portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial Records and Early Documents. Albany, 1876. Pennsylvania Archives, First and Second Series. Ridgely, David. Annals of Annapolis. Baltimore, 1841. Scharf, J. Thomas. The Chronicles of Baltimore. Baltimore, 1874. History of Maryland from the Earliest Period to the Present Day. 3 vols. Baltimore, 1879. History of Western Maryland, being a History of Frederick, Mont- gomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany and Garrett Counties. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1882, Sioussat, St. George Leakin. Economics and Politics in Maryland, 1720- 1750. Baltimore, 1903. Steiner, Bernard C. Beginnings of Maryland, 1631-1639. Baltimore, 1903. Maryland under the Commonwealth. A Chronicle of the Years 1649'- 1658. Baltimore, 19 in. Maryland during the English Civil Wars. Baltimore, 1906-7. Western Maryland in the Revolution. Baltimore, 1902. Schultz, Edward T. First Settlements of Germans in Maryland. Fred- erick, Md., 1891& Society for the History of Germans in Maryland. 16 annual reports. Thomas, James Walter. Chronicles of Colonial Maryland. Baltimore, 1900. — CHAPTER I. The Maryland Colony. ^HE settlement of Maryland w was the culmination of the plan of George, Lord Baltimore, to found a colony where the in- habitants might worship God ac- cording to the dictates of their consciences. 1 Sir George Calvert was brought up a Protestant and, enjoying the personal friendship of James I., he obtained rapid ad- vancement in the government service and was finally made 1 " It cannot with evident certainty be stated that Sir George Calvert, in the settlement of either of his provinces, Avalon or Maryland, had in view the formation of an asylum for English Catholics, although it is so stated clearly expressed by several historians ; such intention of his being nowhere by by himself, unless it be in the before mentioned MS. account of Avalon, Sir George himself, still remaining in the British Museum, the contents of which we have no opportunity of examining. With regard to Maryland, the fact, ascertained in history, as well in the records of the province, that most of the first colonists of that province were Roman Catholics, leaves a strong inference that it was the original contemplation of Sir George thereby to erect for such Catholics a place of refuge. In respect to Avalon, however, we have not this fact, as a ground for such inference." Bozman's " History of Maryland," Vol. I., p. 242. 5 6 The Pennsylvania-German Society. principal Secretary of State. In 1624 he became a Roman Catholic and at once resigned his position as Secretary, but the king kept him as a member of the Privy Council and created him Lord Baltimore, of Baltimore, in Ireland. At this time the laws of England were very severe against the Roman Catholics and in order to escape perse- cution Lord Baltimore determined to found a colony where religious liberty would be secured to all the inhabitants. For some years he had been interested in schemes for colonizing America, having been one of the councillors of the New England Company and a member of the Virginia Company until its charter was revoked, when he was appointed one of the council for the government of that colony. He first turned his attention to New Foundland and, securing a grant in that locality, he erected a province which he named Avalon. 2 After first sending a small party of colonists, he went thither himself with his family, but a residence of two years convinced him that that local- ity was not suited for the successful planting of a colony, and he sailed for Virginia. The authorities in the Virginia colony would not allow him to land unless he would take the oath of allegiance and supremacy, and this his religious principles would not allow him to do.