Ansätze einer akteursbasierten Innovationserklärung Konzeptionelle Überlegungen, empirische Untersuchung und agentenbasierte Modellierung Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktorin der Wirtschafts‐ und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) am Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universität Kassel vorgelegt von Maria Daskalakis am 12.09.2013 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung am 23.11.2013 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretischer Hintergrund .......................................................................................... 6 2.1. Konzeptioneller Hintergrund der akteursbasierten Innovationserklärung ....................... 6 2.1.1. Veblen und Schumpeter ......................................................................................... 6 2.1.2. Die Simon/Carnegie Perspektive (SCP) ................................................................ 10 2.1.2.1. Das Akteurskonzept im Allgemeinen ............................................................... 10 2.1.2.2. Das Konzept des innovierenden Unternehmens im Speziellen ....................... 16 2.2. Aktuelle Diskussionsfelder der Innovationsforschung ..................................................... 20 2.2.1. Innovationsökonomik ........................................................................................... 20 2.2.2. Evolutionsökonomik ............................................................................................. 24 2.3. Zusammenfassung und kritische Würdigung ................................................................... 35 3. Einbettung und Gegenstandsbereiche der vorliegenden Artikel ................................ 39 4. Ansätze einer akteursbasierten Innovationserklärung .............................................. 51 4.1. Invention and Innovation as Creative Problem Solving activities (Artikel 1) ........................ 51 4.1.1. Background: Microeconomics of Novelty Creation and Problem Solving ........... 51 4.1.2. The Core Concept of Problem Solving and its Restrictions .................................. 52 4.1.3. Enhancing the Concept of Problem Solving: Ill‐Defined Problems and „Creative Problem Solving“ .................................................................................. 54 4.1.3.1. Ill‐Defined Problems and Creativity Research ................................................. 54 4.1.3.2. Creative Cognition and Creative Problem Solving ........................................... 58 4.1.4. Applying the Problem solving Concept to the Microeconomics of Invention and Innovation ..................................................................................................... 60 4.1.4.1. Invention as a Problem finding/Problem Solving Activity ............................... 60 4.1.4.2. Innovation as a Problem solving Activity ......................................................... 64 4.1.4.3. The Novelty Creating Process as a Whole and Its Embeddedness .................. 66 4.1.5. Conclusions and Future Research ........................................................................ 68 4.2. Behavioural Foundations of Innovation Surveys (Artikel 2) ............................................ 70 4.2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 70 4.2.2. Particularities of the research object ,innovation‘ as a problem for empirical investigation ......................................................................................... 72 4.2.3. The methodology of agent‐related surveys ......................................................... 74 4.2.3.1. Overview .......................................................................................................... 74 4.2.3.2. The ,iceberg problem‘ and the ,navigational problem‘ of empirical innovation research ......................................................................................... 76 4.2.4. Enhancing the perspective ................................................................................... 76 4.2.4.1. Actor‐oriented survey design .......................................................................... 78 4.2.4.2. Conceptual foundations ................................................................................... 78 4.2.4.3. Operationalisation ........................................................................................... 80 4.2.4.4. Taking time into consideration (dynamic foundation) .................................... 82 4.2.5. Integrating behavioural foundation and the dynamics of innovation ................. 86 4.2.6. Discussion and conclusions .................................................................................. 88 4.3. Behavioural Determinants of Eco‐Innovation. A Conceptual and Empirical Study (Artikel 3) ......................................................................................................................... 90 4.3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 90 4.3.2. Behavioural aspects of the decision to innovate ................................................. 91 4.3.2.1. Background ...................................................................................................... 91 4.3.2.2. The Carnegie School’s Concept of Initiation .................................................... 92 4.3.3. Sector and regulation ........................................................................................... 94 4.3.4. Specification of the ‘Composed Eco‐Initiation Structure’ and hypotheses ......... 96 4.3.4.1. The ‘Composed Eco‐Initiation Structure’ ......................................................... 96 4.3.4.2. The determinants of the ‘Composed Eco‐Initiation Structure’ ....................... 97 4.3.5. Data and methodology ...................................................................................... 100 4.3.6. Empirical results ................................................................................................. 101 4.3.7. Summary, implications for further research and policy design ......................... 107 4.4. A procedural model of trust dynamics and knowledge exchange in collaborative R&D (Artikel 4) ............................................................................................................... 109 4.4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 109 4.4.2. Theoretical background ..................................................................................... 112 4.4.2.1. Bounded and procedural rationality .............................................................. 112 4.4.2.2. Trust and behavioral traits ............................................................................. 113 4.4.3. The Kd‐Td‐model: A model of the dynamics of collaborative R&D ................... 115 4.4.4. Design of the simulation model ......................................................................... 117 4.4.4.1. The Kd‐Td‐models model’s equations ........................................................... 117 4.4.4.2. Types of agents, calibration and scenarios .................................................... 120 4.4.4.3. Success indicators .......................................................................................... 121 4.4.4.4. Structure of the simulation runs .................................................................... 122 4.4.5. Simulation results............................................................................................... 123 4.4.5.1. Default setting and variation of the variables and parameters ..................... 123 4.4.5.1.1. Default setting ............................................................................................ 123 4.4.5.1.2. Variation of the variables and the parameters ........................................... 124 4.4.5.2. Setting 1 and 2: Taking heterogeneity into consideration ............................ 127 4.4.5.2.1. Failure of the cooperations with heterogeneous agents ........................... 127 4.4.5.2.2. Results for successful cooperations of heterogeneous agents .................. 129 4.4.5.3. Analysing discontinuities ............................................................................... 133 4.4.6. Summary, implications for further research and policy design ......................... 136 4.5. Agent Based Modelling of Novelty Creating Behavior and Sectoral Growth Effects – Linking the Creative and the Destructive Side of Innovation (Artikel 5) ..................... 140 4.5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 140 4.5.2. Agent‐based modelling of behavioral innovation triggers ................................ 144 4.5.2.1. Behavioral analysis of innovation activity ..................................................... 144 4.5.2.2. Architecture of the agents in the simulation model ...................................... 149 4.5.2.2.1. Individual modes of action and their triggering conditions ....................... 149 4.5.2.2.2. Cooperative innovation .............................................................................. 152 4.5.3. Dynamics of diffusion on the sectoral level ....................................................... 154 4.5.3.1. Conceptual foundation