Monograph Series Vol. 15 ii iii Disclaimer The MADE monograph and learning series is planned to help provide information and knowledge for dissemination. We believe the information will contribute to sector dialogues and conversations around development in Nigeria. The content in the series was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Market Development in the Niger Delta (MADE). The documents in this series is the final submission made by the engaged service provider/consultant. The series does not represent the views of MADE, the UKaid, The Department for International Development (DFiD) Development Alternatives Incorporated (DAI), nor any of their employees. MADE, DFID, UKaid and DAI do not assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party's use of any information, or process disclosed, or representation that infringes on privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by MADE, DFID, UKaid and/or DAI. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................. vii ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Purpose of the Assessment ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Terms of Reference ......................................................................................................................... 6 2 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Inception Report .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Guide to the Assessment EXercise .................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Selection of High Risk Communities For Human Trafficking .................................................... 10 2.4 Data Collection ............................................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Data Analysis/Processing ............................................................................................................. 11 2.5.1 Analysis of Vulnerability Checklist ............................................................................................. 11 2.5.2 Analysis of the Field Base Gender Analysis ................................................................................ 12 3 THE STUDY AREA – ENDEMIC COMMUNITIES IN EDO STATE ............................................................ 13 3.1 Edo State – Local Government Areas and Population ................................................................ 13 3.2 Endemic Human Trafficking Areas and High Risk Communities .............................................. 13 4 RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE IN HIGH RISK COMMUNITIES IN EDO STATE ....................... 19 4.1 Edo Central Senatorial District ..................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Esan Central Local Government Area - Usugbenu ..................................................................... 20 4.1.2 Esan North East Local Government Area - Uzea ........................................................................ 27 4.1.3 Esan South East Local Government Area – Ilushi ...................................................................... 33 v 4.1.4 Esan West Local Government Area – Ogwa ............................................................................... 40 4.1.5 Igueben Local Government Area – Afuda ................................................................................... 49 4.2 Edo North Senatorial District ....................................................................................................... 55 4.2.1 Etsako West Local Government Area – Aviele ........................................................................... 55 4.3 Edo South Senatorial District ....................................................................................................... 62 4.3.1 Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area – Idogbo ........................................................................ 62 4.3.2 Oredo Local Government Area – Amagba .................................................................................. 70 4.3.3 Orhiomwon Local Government Area – Abudu ........................................................................... 76 4.3.4 Uhunmwode Local Government Area – Irhue ........................................................................... 84 5 DISCUSSION: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND GENDER ANALYSIS ............................................. 94 5.1 The Vulnerability ConteXt ............................................................................................................. 94 5.2 The Livelihood Assets ................................................................................................................... 95 5.3 Transforming Structures and Processes ..................................................................................... 96 5.4 Livelihood Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 97 5.5 Livelihood Outcomes ..................................................................................................................... 98 5.6 Understanding the Gender Dynamics in Edo State ..................................................................... 99 5.6.1 Activity Profile Tool ..................................................................................................................... 99 5.6.2 Access and Control Profile ......................................................................................................... 100 5.6.3 Influencing Factors Tool ............................................................................................................ 100 5.6.4 Women’s Socio-Political Profile ................................................................................................ 100 6 POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS FOR COMMUNITIES ................................................................................ 101 6.1 The Role of Interventions in Achieving Livelihood Outcomes ................................................ 101 6.2 Possible Interventions for Consideration by MADE ................................................................. 101 6.3 Checklist for Integrating Women into Project Cycles ............................................................... 104 APPENDIX I: SOCIAL PYRAMIDS OF COMMUNITIES ...................................................................................... 108 APPENDIX II: ASSET PENTAGONS FOR COMMUNITIES ................................................................................. 113 APPENDIX III: MAP OF EDO STATE: SELECTED COMMUNITIES ................................................................... 116 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: High risk LGAs identified in the TOR ................................................................................................. 10 Table 3.1: LGAs in Edo State ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Table 3.2: Human Trafficking LGAs in Edo State ............................................................................................... 15 Table 5.1: High Risk Communities – Edo Central Senatorial District ........................................................ 19 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Endemic rate for LGAs in Edo State .................................................................................................. 14 viii ACRONYMS DFID Department for International Development ESIP Edo State Investment Programme ICT Information and Communications Technology LAPO Lift Above Poverty Organization LGA Local Government Areas MADE Market Development for Niger Delta MAP Making Markets Work for the Poor MDS Modern Day Slavery NAPTIP National Agency for Prevention of Trafficking in Persons NDDC Niger Delta Development Commission NGO Non - Governmental Organization PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SEEDS State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy SSC Senior Secondary