12 Preparation for COP4 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Environmentally sound management of POPs pesticides ESM of POPs pesticides wastes wastes 1. Legislative framework by Jan Betlem UNEP – Division of GEF Coordination Nairobi-Kenya Regional training workshop on BAT/BEP, PCBs and POPs wastes 15 – 19 June 2009, Nairobi, Kenya Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Legislative framework • Technical guidelines (e.g. on ESM of POPs wastes) are non-legislative framework to complement national laws ESM of POPs pesticides wastes • Parties have to ensure that national legislation are in conformity with the obligations under the Conventions: – Phase-out dates for production, use and disposal 2. Waste prevention – Specifications for containers, equipment and storage sites – Health and safety provisions and minimization – Requirements for treatment and disposal facilities – Public participation – Inventories and remediation of contaminated sites – Other legislative controls including emergency plans, accident response, waste prevention, management plans, etc. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Waste prevention and minimization • Identification of the production of unintentional POPs ESM of POPs pesticides wastes and determine whether BAT and BEP can be applied • Definition of the processes that use POPs and generate POPs wastes and whether alternatives or ways to reduce POPs production exist 3. Inventory • Identification of POPs products and articles, as well as alternatives • Minimization of the volume of POPs waste generated by preventing contamination of other wastes, regular maintenance of equipment, etc. 12 Preparation for COP4 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Identification of POPs pesticides wastes Inventory • POPs wastes can be liquid and solid or released as gases • National inventory on POPs is part of the National • Sources of POPs wastes Implementation Plans (NIPs) under the Convention – Obsolete stockpiles of pesticide POPs • Often preliminary inventory - more detailed ones may be – Liquid and solid technical-grade material needed for ESM – Contaminated materials such as storage walls, slabs, • Inventories should contain information on: packaging materials, spray pumps, hoses, etc. – Contaminated soil, sediment, sewage sludge, water, – Production of POPs in the country foodstuff, animal feeds, treated seeds, etc.... – Import/export of POPs products and articles • Required knowledge – Disposal of POPs waste – Information on POPs articles and products (e.g. – Import/export of POPs waste manufacturers, trade names, production, uses, etc.) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants General principles Pre-inventory: we do not know anything? • Cooperation between the relevant authority and producers, users, customs offices and national focal 1. Stakeholder analysis: who owns pesticides? points • Long-term commitment by government • National Committee established with main stakeholders • Collect information on an ongoing basis • Problems can be ”unexpected owners”: • Standard Approach - use Standard Formats (FAO): – Health Sectors (hospitals or clinics) – Site plan – Old deserted plantations – Store Plan – Old Dump sites – Risk Analysis – Railways • Computerized database system for storage of information –Customs – Ministry of Defense • Government regulations to ensure that owners report their storage of POPs waste and cooperate – Research Departments – Laboratories Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Five basic steps for conducting an inventory 1. Consult with key industries owning large quantities of POPs, as well as with non- governmental organizations in order to seek their assistance Forgotten DDT store 2. Train personnel responsible for of health clinic conducting the inventory 3. Conduct several trial audits that generate preliminary data for the Now behind new inventory hospital huge DDT 4. Develop policy or regulations store: more than 40 requiring owners to report POPs years old 5. Implement the inventory plan by Inventory personnel in putting data into and updating a personal protective national inventory database and equipment before the start of by testing the data through site the inventory. inspections 12 Preparation for COP4 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Unconventional stores • Outside Store: burials Drilling profile at 1.5 m depth: pure DDT Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Contaminated equipment Inside Store – Pesticide Form – Contaminated Building Material – Contaminated Equipment – Contaminated Soil (+around + below store) – Etc. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Label Reading: Classification Personal Protection Equipment http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPP/Pestici FAO d/Disposal/en/index.html 12 Preparation for COP4 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Sampling, analysis and monitoring Assess the quality and concentration of the POPs waste ESM of POPs pesticides wastes • Principles: – Train personnel – Use approved methods 4. Sampling, analysis – Carry out quality controls in order to generate useful data • Analysis: and monitoring – Determine POPs concentration – Requires laboratory infrastructure (accreditation) • Monitoring: – Assess whether ESM is functioning – Demonstrate changes in the quality of the environment – Identify problems to take corrective measures Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Practical Aspects: Sampling Sampling of liquid pesticides for analysis: Overalls, gloves and eye protection are necessary items of the personal protective equipment. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Practical Aspects: GPS + digital cameras + Prioritization of sites recharging batteries Set risk factors for each site – Risk factor for Pesticides (Fp) based on: • Toxicity of pesticide • Likelihood of exposure (condition of containers) • Quantity – Risk factor for Environment (Fe) based on questionnaire: • Condition of the store (e.g. walls and roof) • Location of the store (e.g. near water course, habitation) • Management of the store (e.g. what’s stored) 12 Preparation for COP4 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Moldova example Risk Matrix Site Prioritization through a Graphic Approach Pa şcani Lăpuşna Pervomaiscoe 200 Drăguşenii-Noi Boghiceni 100% Fundul Galbenei Bujor Bujor Stolniceni Logăneşti Logăneşti Bobeica HIGH PESTICIDE Drăguşenii-Noi CRITICAL SITES Fundul Galbenei RISK ONLY Mer eş-Agro Mer eş-Agro Cărpineni Paşcani Sofia 100 Sofia Sofia From Low Negropomvit to High Negropomvit Negropomvit Fărlădeni Bobeica Buţeni HIGH Stolniceni Secăreni NON-PRIORITY Crasnoarmeiscoie ENVIRONMENTAL Buţeni Minjir Lăpuşna SITES Oneşti Cărpineni RISK ONLY Boghiceni C-Morii Mereş-Agro Oneşti Logăneşti Crasnoarmeiscoie Leuşeni Sărata-galbenă Fp* - normalised risk factor of the pesticide Logăneşti Pervomaiscoe Minjir Ranking of sites according to F(in) Fărlădeni Leuşeni SRL Victoter-Agro Caracui Sărata-galbenă Sofia Mereş-Agro Negropomvit C-Morii Carac ui 0 Secăreni 0% 0.0Ranking of sites according to F(env) 30.0 60.0 SRL Victoter-Agro 0%Fe - environmental risk factor 100%.