INDUS 20190389723A1 IN ( 19 ) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No .: US 2019/0389723 A1 Mills (43 ) Pub . Date : Dec. 26 , 2019 ( 54 ) HYDROGEN -CATALYST REACTOR on Jan. 17 , 2008 , provisional application No. 61/022 , 112 , filed on Jan. 18 , 2008 , provisional application ( 71) Applicant: Brilliant Light Power, Inc., Cranbury , No. 61 /022,949 , filed on Jan. 23 , 2008 , provisional application No. 61/ 023,297 , filed on Jan. 24 , 2008 , NJ (US ) provisional application No. 61/ 023,687 , filed on Jan. 25, 2008 , provisional application No. 61/ 024,730 , (72 ) Inventor: Randell L. Mills , Cranbury, NJ (US ) filed on Jan. 30 , 2008 , provisional application No. Assignee : Brilliant Light Power, Inc., Cranbury, 61/ 025,520 , filed on Feb. 1 , 2008, provisional appli ( 73 ) cation No. 61/ 028,605 , filed on Feb. 14 , 2008 , pro NJ (US ) visional application No. 61/ 030,468 , filed on Feb. 21 , 2008 , provisional application No. 61/ 064,453 , filed ( 21) Appl. No .: 16 /426,687 on Mar. 6 , 2008 , provisional application No.61/064 , 723 , filed on Mar. 21 , 2008, provisional application ( 22 ) Filed : May 30 , 2019 No. 61 /071,191 , filed on Apr. 17 , 2008 . Related U.S. Application Data Publication Classification (63 ) Continuation of application No. 12/ 108,700 , filed on (51 ) Int. Ci. Apr. 24 , 2008 , now abandoned . COIB 3/02 ( 2006.01 ) (60 ) Provisional application No. 60 /913,556 , filed on Apr. (52 ) U.S. CI. 24 , 2007, provisional application No. 60 / 952,305, CPC filed on Jul. 27 , 2007 , provisional application No. COIB 3/02 ( 2013.01 ) 60 / 954,426 , filed on Aug. 7 , 2007 , provisional appli cation No. 60 / 935,373 , filed on Aug. 9 , 2007 , provi ( 57 ) ABSTRACT sional application No. 60 / 955,465 , filed on Aug. 13 , A power source and hydride reactor is provided comprising 2007, provisional application No. 60 /956,821 , filed a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form on Aug. 20 , 2007, provisional application No. 60/957 , novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter com 540 , filed on Aug. 23 , 2007 , provisional application prising new forms of hydrogen , a source of atomic hydro No. 60 /972,342 , filed on Sep. 14 , 2007 , provisional gen , a source of a hydrogen catalyst comprising a reaction application No. 60 /974,191 , filed on Sep. 21, 2007, mixture of at least one reactant comprising the element or provisional application No.60 / 975,330 , filed on Sep. elements that form the catalyst and at least one other 26 , 2007 , provisional application No. 60 /976,004 , element, whereby the catalyst is formed from the source and filed on Sep. 28 , 2007 , provisional application No. the catalysis of atomic hydrogen releases energy in an 60/ 978,435, filed on Oct. 9 , 2007 , provisional appli amount greater than about 300 kJ per mole of hydrogen cation No. 60 /987,552 , filed on Nov. 13 , 2007 , pro during the catalysis of the hydrogen atom . Further provided visional application No. 60 / 987,946 , filed on Nov. 14 , is a reactor wherein the reaction mixture comprises a cata 2007, provisional application No. 60 / 989,677 , filed lyst or a source of catalyst and atomic hydrogen or a source on Nov. 21 , 2007 , provisional application No. 60/991 , of atomic hydrogen ( H ) wherein at least one of the catalyst 434 , filed on Nov. 30, 2007 , provisional application and atomic hydrogen is released by a chemical reaction of at No. 60 /991,974 , filed on Dec. 3 , 2007 , provisional least one species of the reaction mixture or between two or application No. 60 /992,601 , filed on Dec. 5 , 2007 , more reaction -mixture species . In an embodiment, the spe provisional application No. 61/ 012,717 , filed on Dec. ciesmay be at least one of an element, complex , alloy, or a 10 , 2007, provisional application No. 61 /014,860 , compound such as a molecular or inorganic compound filed on Dec. 19 , 2007 , provisional application No. wherein each may be at least one of a reagent or product in 61/ 016,790 , filed on Dec. 26 , 2007, provisional appli the reactor. Alternatively , the species may form a complex , cation No. 61/ 020,023 , filed on Jan. 9 , 2008 , provi alloy , or compound with at least one of hydrogen and the sional application No. 61 /021,205 , filed on Jan. 15 , catalyst. Preferably , the reaction to generate at least one of 2008 , provisional application No. 61/ 021,808 , filed atomic H and catalyst is reversible . LOAD ENERGY COOLANT STEAM -70 POWER -54 TURBINE GEN . 62 ? BO COOLANT HEAT EXCHANGER 52 50 42 - CATALYTIC MATERIAL , 58 MATERIAL ,56 PRODUCTS Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 1 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig1 . Fiberopticprobe Gasin Spectrometer rodQuartz Wfilament LINH2 cellSS Image Feedthrough Gasout vacuum Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 2 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 1A.Fig 90 L80 LOAD POWER GEN e -70 TURBINE CHEATEXCHANGER STEAM 50 62 MATERIAL,58 COOLANT COOLANT 60) 52 54 41 CATALYTIC ENERGY 42 PRODUCTS MATERIAL,56 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 3 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig. 2 Waterout Moc m oooged 2 Waterin + vacuum Electrical lead Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 4 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 BlackLight Plant Process , 14 Steam Turbine Electricity Water L16 Condenser Steam 10 3 12 Boiler 4 Dihydrino 13 Iz and Water Min 0 Dihydrino H Extraction Separator Recycle Spent Solid 19 Fuel 2 118 IL Gas î 11 Recycle Solid Fuel 5 7 Fig . 2A Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 5 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Flow Calorimeter System Vent valve Flowmeter Circulation pump Cole - Parmer E -03295-36 Shurflo 8020-833-238 1.9 pm . 200 psimax 5.5 ipm , 100 psimax high resolution control valve HDPE tank 36 L X20 HX20 W with cover Damping tank Pressure 8 liter switch Circulating bath insulated 900 W cooling > 10 pm Calorimeter HH Chamber Acrylic supports Mineralwool insulation 3 in , height granulated , 425 C max Wre reinforced PVC tube 3/8 in . ID . 150 psimax insulated Fig. 3 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 6 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 221 225 206 290 222 242 230 223 241 291 295 200 D 250 255 298 t 280 272 207 257 285 242 256 222 221 Fig . 3A Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 7 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig. 4 110 103 119 118 108 101 117 109 112 111 102 104 113 114 115 116 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 8 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 301 390 330 341 342 -313 325 305 322 380 300 395 320 350 392 325 315 372 322 342 307 385 Fig . 4A Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 9 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 656.8 Fig. 5 www 12,0.035nm;0.47eVA,=10% A1=0.33nm;T242.4eVA290%=T, 12=0.031nm,T0.35eV 122=0.332nm;T243eVA2=97%,A ;3=% 656.6 Hyatt 656.4 Wavelength/nm MaloneWapest 656.2 Trace Peak2 656.0 CurveFit Peak1 A () Trace CurveFit Peak1 Peak2 ( B) why 0 655.8 4000 3000 2000 1000 800 400 Counts/ Intensity Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 10 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig6. mphony 656.8 grund Az27%eV;=6.1nmT20.125122= 0.30eV;73%=A2,0.028nmT A2,0.118nm;T2=5.43eV27%A= =A, = = 656.6 0.37eV=73%420.03nm,T; , A ; toplo 656.4 Wavelength/nm 656.2 656.0 Trace CurveFitw Peak1 Peak2 Trace CurveFit- Peak1 Peak2 ( A) )(B pamantotunnin pour 0 0 655.8 12000 9000 6000 3000 2800 2100 1400 700 Counts/ Intensity Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 11 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig.7 Temperaturel° C 800 750 Onsetpoint641.52° C 700 Peak1top703.89°CEnthalpy/mol -176591.0(Exothermiceffect) J / 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 Exo HeatFlow/mW 200 s5 0 -10 -15 -20 -25 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 12 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 Fig.8 750 600 Timels 225000 200000 175000 150000 125000 100000 75000 50000 25000 Flow/mW HeatExo o-10 -15 -20 -25 -30 12156 -408 45lehet -50 -55 -60 -65 -70 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 13 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 700 700 600 - 600 500 500 Temperature?CCell 400° 400 PowerW/Input 300 300 200 - 200 100 - 100 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time /min Fig . 9 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 14 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 10.Fig 300 WPower/Input Power/Output W 250 200 150 /minTime 100 1 50 0 140 120- 100 80 09 40 20 0 w Power Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 15 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 600 100 500 - 80 400 60 Temperature/Cell 300° C W/PowerInput 40 200 20 100 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 Time /min Fig. 11 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 16 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 100 Output Power / W 80 Input Power / W 60 I Power/ W 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time/ min Fig. 12 Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 17 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 / Power Input 13Fig. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 980 970 + - .. 960 950 Time/min 940 930 920 700 400 300 200 100 o C °/ Temperature Cell Patent Application Publication Dec. 26 , 2019 Sheet 18 of 51 US 2019/0389723 A1 14Fig.