'#)#$ Edited by: Dr. Digvijay Pandya BRITISH POETRY Edited By Dr. Digvijay Pandya Printed by LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD. 113, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara DLP-7773-189-BRITISH POETRY C- 4810/012/02 Typeset at: Goswami Associates, Delhi Printed at: Saras Graphics Pvt. Ltd., Delhi SYLLABUS British Poetry Objectives: • To acquaint the learners with the most important poetic texts of the eighteenth century. • To help the learners to appreciate the poetic imagery. 0 Sr. No. Topics Geoffrey Chaucer: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (non-detailed study): 1. Introduction to the text and author Geoffrey Chaucer: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (non-detailed study): Discussion and analysis 2. Milton: Paradise Lost-I; Introduction of the author and the text, importance of Prologue, ; (Non detailed study) : Discussion and analysis, Grand style and Character portrayal of Satan 3. Shakespeare as a poet, Sonnets: Introduction, Being your slave what should I do, Love , Shakespeare: Thou blind fool, That time of year thou mayst in me behold, what dost thou to mine eyes Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock; (non detailed study): Introduction of the author 4. and Text analysis Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock; the use of supernatural machinery Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock; as a social satire n as a Mock Epic 5 Thomas Gray: The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: Introduction of the author and the text Thomas Gray: The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: Discussion and analysis Thomas Gray: The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard: Theme William Blake- Introduction of the author and Songs of Innocence:The Lamb, The little 6. black Boy, Songs of Experience (A Poison Tree, The Tyger, The Sick Rose) William Blake- Songs of Experience (A Poison Tree, The Tyger, The Sick Rose), William Wordsworth: Ode on Intimations of Immortality Major Terms (brief introduction to be given): assonance ,ballad ,blank verse , 7 neo-classicism and romanticism ,conceit ,couplet ,elegy ,epic Major Terms (brief introduction to be given): Figure of speech ,heroic couplet ,iambic pentameter ,lyric ,metaphor, simile, metonymy , synecdoche ,meter , ode ,pastoral, personification ,rhyme ,sonnet Major Terms (brief introduction to be given): Negative Capability, Renaissance of Wonder, Hellenism, Supernaturalism, Fancy and imagination, Dramatic Monologue Major Terms (brief introduction to be given): Victorian Compromise, Pre Raphaelite Poetry, Art for Art’s sake, Aestheticism, Imagist, War poets, Movement poets, Modernist Poetry 8 John Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode to Autumn, Robert Browning: Introduction of the poet: Poem: My Last Duchess Robert Browning: The Last Ride Together, Discussion on His philosophy 9 Lord Tennyson: The Lady of Shallot, Ulysses,Mathew Arnold: Dover Beach,W.B.Yeats: Introduction of the author and His poem: A Prayer for my daughter.W. B. Yeats: Second Coming and As an Irish Poet 10 Ted Hughes : Introduction of the Poet and Detailed study of his poem: The Thought Fox Ted Hughes : Thrushes and Hughes as an animal poet T.S.Eliot : The Waste Land (non-detailed):Introduction of the Author and text T.S.Eliot : The Waste Land (non-detailed): Discussion and analysis CONTENT Unit 1: Major Literary Terms-I 1 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 2: Major Literary Terms-II 9 Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University Unit 3: Major Literary Terms-III 22 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 4: Major Literary Terms-IV 31 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 5: Major Literary Terms-V 45 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 6: Major Literary Terms-VI 52 Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University Unit 7: Major Literary Terms-VII 60 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 8: Geoffrey Chaucer 66 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 9: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-I 71 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 10: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-II 84 Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University Unit 11: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-III 91 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 12: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-IV 102 Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University Unit 13: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-V 109 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 14: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-VI 119 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 15: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-VII 128 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 16: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-VIII 136 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 17: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-IX 143 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 18: The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-X 153 Gowher Ahmad Naik, Lovely Professional University Unit 19: John Milton—Paradise Lost 163 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 20: Paradise Lost-I (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-I 169 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 21: Paradise Lost-I (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-II 182 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 22: Paradise Lost-I (Non-detailed Study): Discussion and Analysis-III 192 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 23: Shakespeare’s Sonnets 209 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 24: Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock 219 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 25: Thomas Gray: The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 245 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 26: William Blake: Songs of Innocence and Experience 260 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 27: William Wordsworth: Ode to Intimations of Immortality 279 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 28: John Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale and Ode to Autumn 292 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 29: Robert Browning: My Last Duchess and the Last Ride Together 327 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 30: Tennyson, Arnold and Yeats 344 Jayatee Bhattacharya, Lovely Professional University Unit 31: Hughes and T. S. Eliot 374 Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Digvijay Pandya, Lovely Professional University Unit 1: Major Literary Terms–I Unit 1: Major Literary Terms-I Notes CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Assonance 1.1.1 Assonance 1.2 Introduction to Ballad 1.2.1 Origins of Ballad 1.2.2 Ballad Form 1.2.3 Classification of Ballads 1.2.4 Traditional Ballads 1.2.5 Broadsides Ballads 1.2.6 Literary Ballads 1.3 Introduction to Blank Verse 1.4 Summary 1.5 Keywords 1.6 Review Questions 1.7 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Know about assonance, blank verse and ballad • Know about the classification and origins of ballad. Introduction Genre is an important word in the English class. We teach different genres of literature such as poetry, short stories, myths, plays, non-fiction, novels, mysteries, and so on. When we speak about a kind of literature we are really speaking about a genre of literature. So when someone asks you what genre of literature you like, you might answer, poetry, novels, comics, and so on. 1.1 Introduction to Assonance 1.1.1 Assonance Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance serves as one of the building blocks of verse. For example, in the phrase “Do you like blue?”, the /u:/ is repeated within the sentence and is assonant. LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 British Poetry Notes Assonance is found more often in verse than in prose. It is used in (mainly modern) English-language poetry, and is particularly important in Old French, Spanish and Celtic languages. The eponymous student of Willy Russell’s Educating Rita described it as “getting the rhyme wrong”. Examples 1. The silken sad uncertain rustling of — Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven” each purple curtain 2. And murmuring of innumerable bees — Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Princess VII.203 3. The crumbling thunder of seas — Robert Louis Stevenson 4. That solitude which suits abstruser — Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Frost musings at Midnight” 5. The scurrying furred small friars squeal — Dylan Thomas in the dowse 6. Dead in the middle of little Italy, little — Big Pun, “Twinz” did we know that we riddled two middle men who didn’t do diddily. 7. It’s hot and it’s monotonous — Stephen Sondheim, Sunday in the Park with George, It’s Hot Up Here 8. Tundi tur unda — Catullus 11 9. On a proud round cloud in white high — E.E.Cummings, if a Cheer Rules night Elephant Angel Child Should Sit 10. I’ve never seen so many Dominician — Will Smith, “Miami” women with cinnamon tans 11. I bomb atomically-Socrates’ philosophies — Inspectah Deck, from the and hypotheses can’t define how I be Wu-Tang Clan’s “Triumph” droppin’ these mockeries 12. Up in the arroyo a rare owl’s nest I did — Jon Wayne, Texas Assonance spy, so I loaded up my shotgun and watched owl feathers fly 13. Some kids who played games about — C.S. Lewis, “The Voysge of the Narnia got gradually balmier and balmier Dawn Treader 14. And the moon rose over an open field — Paul Simon, America 15. Yo, I’m a hot and bothered astronaut — Earl Sweatshirt of OFWGKTA crashing while Jacking off to buffering –“Earl” vids of Asher Roth eating apple sauce 2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Unit 1: Major Literary Terms–I J.