Horizon 2020-funded security research projects with dual-use potential: An overview (2014-2018) G. Bordin, M. Hristova and E. Luque-Perez 2020 1 EUR 30210 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Guy Bordin, Mayya Hristova and Encarnación Luque-Perez Address: Rue du Champ de Mars 21, 1049 Brussels, Belgium Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC120636 EUR 30210 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-18810-0 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/599783 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). 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All content © European Union, 2020, except cover page, source: Gert Altman on pixabay.com How to cite this report: Bordin, G., Hristova, M. and Luque-Perez, E., Horizon 2020-funded security and defence research projects with dual-use potential: An overview (2014-2018), EUR 30210 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978- 92-76-18810-0, doi:10.2760/599783, JRC120636. 2 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Research with dual-use potential and innovation fields .................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 The dual-use concept .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 EU call for maximisation of synergies between security and defence research .................................................. 7 2.3 Key enabling technologies and dual-use innovation fields ................................................................................................ 8 3 Mapping of the Horizon 2020-funded R & I projects with dual-use potential ................................................................ 10 3.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Analysis of results ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Dual-use R & I projects by dual-use innovation field and industrial domain ....................................... 11 3.2.2 Dual-use R & I projects by recommended dual-use innovation field and thematic area ............. 15 3.2.3 Countries and organisations contributing to dual-use R & I projects ........................................................ 19 4 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 References .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Legislation and policy documents from the EU institutions ............................................................................................................... 29 List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 List of tables ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 Annex 1. List of innovation fields and their corresponding cross-sectoral industrial domains, recommended innovation fields and thematic areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 Annex 2. Horizon 2020 security research projects displaying dual-use potential ........................................................ 61 Annex 3. Data from the analysis of the R & I projects displaying dual-use potential ................................................ 81 Annex 4. List of organisations that carry out dual-use R & I projects .................................................................................. 85 i Abstract The analysis carried out in this report facilitates the identification of research topics and projects funded under Horizon 2020 that have a dual-use civilian and military potential; that is, their results could be applied by both security and defence stakeholders (including industry). It is intended to support future security and defence research programmes in their attempts to avoid duplication of investment and to promote synergies. 2 Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Harm Greidanus (Unit E.7), Adam Lewis (Unit E.2) and Filippo Sevini (Unit G.II.7) for their thorough review of the report and their valuable comments. Authors Guy Bordin Mayya Hristova Encarnación Luque-Perez 3 Executive summary Policy context Horizon 2020 research projects focus exclusively on civil applications, but that does not prevent them producing results that could lead to innovations with possible defence applications. The growing potential for synergies between civil and military research has been highlighted by the European Commission since 2013 and resonates even more strongly today, as the first fully fledged European defence research programme will be funded under the European Defence Fund from 2021. The importance of seeking complementarity and synergies with Horizon Europe, the next framework programme for research and innovation (2021–2027), so that the results of defence research also benefit civil research and vice versa, is particularly underlined in the multiannual financial framework proposal for 2021–2027. Under Horizon 2020 procedures, a declaration of the dual-use character of projects is based on an ethics self- assessment made by the entities applying for funding. The purpose of the present study is to provide an alternative approach that will facilitate the identification of dual-use research topics and projects the results of which could be applied by both security and defence stakeholders (including industry). The methodology applied for this purpose considers the key enabling technologies (KETs) that are the fundamental blocks for a range of goods and services in both the civil and the defence sectors and thus represent key innovation accelerators for industry. The analysis carried out here is intended to support future security and defence research programmes in their attempts to avoid duplication of investment and to promote synergies. Main findings This report builds upon previous work, in particular a recent inventory carried out by the authors (Bordin et al., 2019), which identified 349 security and defence projects funded by various Horizon 2020 programmes, of which 309 were evaluated to have a dual-use potential. It also relies on a study by Scalia et al. (2017), which established a list of 167 KET-related dual-use innovation fields, a set of which (38) was considered a