NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY & DRAINAGE BOARD (NWSDB) MINISTRY OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA PREPARATORY SURVEY ON ANURADHAPURA NORTH INTEGRATED WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINAL REPORT (VOLUME I : SUMMARY) FEBRUARY 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. in Association with NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. GE JR(先) 13-041 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Summary) TABLE OF CONTENTS LOCATION MAP OF STUDY AREAS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1 WATER SUPPLY SECTOR IN SRI LANKA ........................................... 1-1 1.1 Country Background ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Water Supply Undertakings (Service Ratios and Level)................................................. 1-3 1.3 Sector Organization ........................................................................................................ 1-7 1.4 Financial Situation of the Sector ..................................................................................... 1-8 1.5 Activities and Policies of International Development partners and National Agencies of the Sector ................................................................................... 1-13 CHAPTER 2 NATURAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ................................................ 2-1 2.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Natural Conditions ........................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Topography ......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Geology ............................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Climate ................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.3 Social Conditions ............................................................................................................. 2-3 2.3.1 Population ........................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3.2 Land Use ............................................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.3 Income and Expenditure ..................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Economic Conditions ....................................................................................................... 2-6 2.4.1 Agriculture .......................................................................................................... 2-7 2.4.2 Industry ............................................................................................................... 2-7 2.4.3 Tourism ............................................................................................................... 2-7 2.5 Necessity of the Project .................................................................................................... 2-8 2.5.1 General ................................................................................................................ 2-8 2.5.2 Dental Fluorosis ................................................................................................ 2-12 2.5.3 Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) ...................................................................... 2-16 2.5.4 Necessity of the Project .................................................................................... 2-18 CHAPETER 3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES IN THE STUDY AREA ... 3-1 3.1 Water Supply Schemes in Anuradhapura District .............................................................. 3-1 3.2 Exist Water supply Facilities under NWSDB RSC (NC) ................................................... 3-3 3.2.1 Organizational ..................................................................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 Technical ............................................................................................................. 3-5 3.2.3 Financial ............................................................................................................. 3-7 3.2.4 Water Supply Development Plan of NWSDB RSC (NC) ................................... 3-8 3.3 Existing Water Supply Facilities under NWSDB in the Study Area ............................. 3-9 3.4 Existing Water Supply Facilities under CBOs in the Study Area ................................... 3-10 3.4.1 General .............................................................................................................. 3-10 3.4.2 Summary of Survey Results ............................................................................. 3-14 (i) Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Summary) CHAPTER 4 PROJECTION OF POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND IN THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Basic Policy for Planning ................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Estimation of Design Water Supply .................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.1 Design Service Area ............................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.2 Design Period ....................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.3 Design Population ............................................................................................ 4-3 4.2.4 Demarcation of Design Service Area by Water Supply Mode ............................ 4-4 4.2.5 Existing CBOs to Be Excluded from Integration .............................................. 4-6 4.2.6 Breakdown of Water Consumption ..................................................................... 4-6 4.2.7 Per Capita Water Consumption ........................................................................... 4-6 4.2.8 Non-revenue Water (NRW) ................................................................................ 4-7 4.2.9 Design Served Population ................................................................................... 4-7 4.2.10 Design Load Factor to Daily Maximum Water Supply ............................... 4-7 4.2.11 Design Daily Average and Maximum Water Supply and Design Water Intake ....... 4-8 4.2.12 Design Flow of Water Treatment Plants for Stage Construction ........................... 4-10 4.3 Water Availability ......................................................................................................... 4-11 4.3.1 Water Source ..................................................................................................... 4-11 4.3.2 Water Quality .................................................................................................... 4-11 4.3.3 Present Operation of Irrigation Reservoir ......................................................... 4-14 4.3.4 Water Availability from Irrigation Reservoir .................................................... 4-18 4.3.5 Mahakanadarawa Wewa ................................................................................... 4-20 4.3.6 Wahalkada Wewa .............................................................................................. 4-24 4.3.7 Measures against Global Climate Change ........................................................ 4-26 CHAPTER 5 PLAN OF PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ................................. 5-1 5.1 Water Intake Works ......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Selection of Water Intake Methods ..................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Design Criteria .................................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.3 Outline of Water Intake Facilities ....................................................................... 5-3 5.2 Water Treatment Plant..................................................................................................... 5-4 5.2.1 Stage Construction of Water Treatment Plants ................................................... 5-4 5.2.2 Selection of Water Treatment Process................................................................. 5-7 5.2.3 Design Criteria .................................................................................................. 5-10 5.2.4 Mahakanadarawa WTP ..................................................................................... 5-10 5.2.5 Wahalkada WTP ............................................................................................... 5-13 5.3 Transmission and Distribution System ......................................................................... 5-16 5.3.1 Description of Project Area ............................................................................... 5-16 5.3.2 Planning Concept of the System ....................................................................... 5-17 5.3.3 Design Criteria .................................................................................................