10/8/2018 Dyscalculia, Dyslexia, and Math Using multisensory, systematic, and explicit instruction to teach math Degree in Elementary Education from Ball State LAURA WILLIAMS University EDUCATION DIRECTOR Education Specialist with the Dyslexia Institute of Indiana from 2006-2015. Advanced Orton Gillingham Multisensory Math Structured Word Inquiry Framing your Thoughts Visualizing/Verbalizing RAVEO 1 10/8/2018 Have you ever seen a student totally overwhelmed by math? They just clearly don’t get it. Dyscalculia . 50% of students with dyslexia also have a math learning disability and vise versa . The efficiency (i.e. speed and accuracy) of university students ability to solve problems such as 34+17 or 456 x 3 has declined by 25-40% over the last 20 years . Students are not spending the time mastering numeracy skills . Weak recall of facts places added stress on the working memory of students- taking away focus from the deeper or conceptual aspects of the math to be learned 2 10/8/2018 There are different and often coexisting conditions that cause students to struggle with math. Dyscalculia . Dyslexia . Dysgraphia . ADD, ADHD . Processing Speed Some common struggles: Math facts, vocabulary, number sense, steps to solve problems, inaccurate conceptual understanding, trouble keeping track of math problems- lining up numbers What is dyscalculia? 3 10/8/2018 Signs of Dyscalculia- Preschool-K Signs of Dyscalculia in Elementary 4 10/8/2018 Signs of Dyscalculia in Middle School Signs of Dyscalculia in High School 5 10/8/2018 Math Anxiety Struggling math students often develop math anxiety. This can be compounded by adults who have weak math skills and are anxious about helping kids with math. In addition, since math is cumulative, and so many areas are covered many students develop phobias about math or certain areas in math. Growth Mindset and the power of yet…. It is possible to remediate math. Early intervention- staying in touch and catching difficulties early. 6 10/8/2018 What Can I do- Number Sense A early warning sign for future continued struggles in math is difficulty with number sense and struggles with conceptual understanding. Intervene! Provide multisensory teaching and work to build number sense. Building number sense with manipulatives Multisensory Math Concept Growth Mindset- The power of yet… Explicit instruction and modeling Tie to the big picture and the known Multisensory- seeing, saying and doing Cumulative and repetitive Diagnostic and prescriptive- you are a student of your student 7 10/8/2018 Process of introduction of a new skill in math Concrete-Representational (Pictorial)-Abstract https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weCPBlJVSrI Essentials for Multisensory Math Growth Mindset- The power of yet… Explicit instruction and modeling Tie to the big picture and the known Multisensory- seeing, saying and doing Cumulative and repetitive Diagnostic and prescriptive- you are a student of your student 8 10/8/2018 Activate Prior Knowledge Concrete Start by modeling the concept and verbalizing Introduce concretely each step as you go. Then do some together asking the student to Addition with regrouping- Physical explain and correcting any misunderstandings base 10 blocks and filling in any vocabulary they may need help with. Finally, have the student independently do problems concretely while they verbalize the steps. Prerequisite vocabulary Teach vocabulary and create vocabulary cards at this point 9 10/8/2018 Representational (Pictorial) Once the student has shown that they are able to successfully solve the problems with manipulatives, follow the same steps to introduce solving problems using a representation. 1. Model 2. Do some together asking them to verbalize and correct any misunderstandings 3. Students solve problems independently with a representation and are able to verbalize each step Abstract Students only move to this level once they have a solid understanding of the concept If errors are made, have them go back and draw a picture to help them figure out what they did wrong 10 10/8/2018 Adding Fractions with unlike denominators Vocabulary- Activate Prior Knowledge • Addition • Multiplication • Fraction- numerator/denominator Concrete Addition of fractions with unlike denominators 2/3 +1/6 Prerequisite skills-addition facts, multiplication facts 11 10/8/2018 Representational (Pictorial) ¼ + ½= Abstract Many students should still see, + = say and do at this stage. + = 12 10/8/2018 Intervention tips- Math Facts . Directly teach strategies to aid in figuring math facts . We can use our knowledge of x5 to help us figure out x6 . To figure 8x6: we know that 5 groups of 8=40 if we add another group of 8 (40+8)we will have 6 groups of 8 so 6x8=48 . Targeted practice with each strategy What can I do- Math Facts . Keep building strong numeracy- 10 minutes of practice a day with targeted practice and mixed review practice 13 10/8/2018 Targeted Practice https://quizlet.com/_5c2iac https://illuminations.nctm.org/ https://www.ixl.com/ What Can I do- Vocabulary . Math has specific vocabulary that can be confusing for students . Make sure to directly teach and define relevant vocabulary . Create visual vocabulary cards- file as a resource for students to pull out as a reminder . Review necessary old vocabulary when you need it to learn something new. 14 10/8/2018 What Can I do- Trouble with Steps Once a student understands the concept, they still may struggle with the multi-step processes involved in math. As you teach, create a card with steps for solving- file and pull out as you review. Include plenty of spaced practice. Once they become more automatic, have them state the steps without the card. Filing my Learning Number Sense Computation and Geometry Measurement • Counting Algebraic Thinking • Shapes • Time • Place value • Addition and • Position words • Money • Comparing numbers subtraction • Fractions • Weight • Solving word • Drawing shapes • Length problems involving • Attributes • Temperature addition, subtraction • Arrays for multiplication 15 10/8/2018 Filing my Learning Data and Statistics • Organizing and The skills that children learn at each grade level graphing information can be found at http://www.doe.in.gov/standards/mathematics • Interpreting and analyzing information from graphs. What about story problems? Give students a framework to begin to solve a story problem. Make sure that they student can read the problem. 16 10/8/2018 File concept and use in reviews for practice- Frequent review is needed until concept is overlearned and “easy” Allow for practice at all levels Use tools when necessary Students need a growth mindset Learn to embrace mistakes as growth opportunities Set realistic goals where success is experienced frequently Sources Indiana Department of Education-State Standards Understood http://www.doe.in.gov/standards/mathematics www.understood.org Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulty Learning Mathematics Additude Magazine http://www.centeroninstruction.org/mathematics-instruction-for-students- www.additudemag.com with-learning-disabilities-or-difficulty-learning-mathematics-a-guide-for- teachers Concrete-Representational (Pictorial)-Abstract https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weCPBlJVSrI Vocabulary cards https://fransmentorportfolio.wikispaces.com/file/detail/Math+Vocabulary+Poste rs+-Visual+Tricks+to+Remember+(2).pdf 17 10/8/2018 Want to know more? Keep in touch: Laura Williams Education Director Multisensory Education Solutions Website: multisensoryed.com Email: [email protected] 18.