Elkhair Oil Terminal (Phase II) Environmental Baseline Study. Item Type Report Download date 30/09/2021 14:40:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6799 Elkhair Oil Terminal (Phase II) Environmental Baseline Study Prepared by: Institute Of Marine Research (IMR), Red Sea University & Faculty Of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Red Sea University November 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Chapter 2 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General: ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Characteristics of Sudanese Red Sea Coast: ......................................................................... 1 1.3 Objectives of the study: ........................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 3 - Methodology ................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Study area: ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Work plan: ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.2.1 Field work: executed in the period from 4 – 19/5/2014. .................................................. 4 2.2.1.1 Field work at littoral zone: .............................................................................................. 4 2.2.1.1.2 Samples were collected from the field, for laboratory analysis these include: ............ 4 2.2.1.2 Field work at sublittoral zone. ....................................................................................... 4 2.2.2.1 Physical parameters ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2.2 Chemical variables : ........................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2.3 Sediment Characteristics: .............................................................................................. 5 2.2.3 Socioeconomic survey: ...................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Legal Framework and Institutional Arrangement: ................................................................ 6 2.3.1 National Level Laws, Policies and Institutions: ................................................................ 6 2.3.2 The Interim National Constitution: .................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 Schedule A: ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.3.4 Schedule C: ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.3.5 Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 2001: ...................................................................... 7 2.3.6 International and Regional Conventions: .......................................................................... 8 2.3.7 International Conventions: ................................................................................................. 9 2.3.8 Regional Conventions: ..................................................................................................... 9 2.3.9 Regional Convention on the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 1982: .................................................................................................................. 10 ii 2.3.10 Protocol Concerning the Conservation of Biological Diversity and the Establishment of Network of Protected Areas in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, 2005: ..................................... 10 2.3.11 Protocol Concerning the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (LBA) in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden 2005: ........................................................ 10 2.3.12 Protocol Concerning the Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency, 1982: ........................................................ 11 2.3.13 Red Sea State (RSS) Laws: ............................................................................................ 11 2.3.14 Environmental Institutions:............................................................................................ 12 Chapter 4 - Results ........................................................................................................................ 14 3.1 littoral zone: ........................................................................................................................ 14 3.1.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of sea water at the study area: ............................. 14 3.1.2. Phytoplankton community .............................................................................................. 21 3.1.3 Zooplankton communities: .............................................................................................. 23 3.1.4. Sediments characteristics ................................................................................................ 24 3.2 Macro-flora analysis: .......................................................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Seaweeds: ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.2.1.1. Seaweeds species diversity: ......................................................................................... 29 3.2.1.2. Zonation and species association: ................................................................................ 29 3.2.1.3. Seaweeds percentage cover: ........................................................................................ 30 3.2.2. Seagrass: ......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2.1. Species composition and distribution: ......................................................................... 32 3.2.2.2. Seagrass percentage cover: .......................................................................................... 32 3.2.2.3. Seagrass shoot density: ................................................................................................ 33 3.3. Macro-fauna analysis: ........................................................................................................ 34 3.3.1. Epifauna and infauna: ..................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Fish population occurrence: ............................................................................................... 36 3.4.1 Fish larvae: ...................................................................................................................... 36 3.2. Sublittoral zone: ................................................................................................................ 38 3.2.1 Reef slope coral survey: ................................................................................................... 38 3.2.1.1 Benthic Cover ............................................................................................................... 38 3.2.1.2. Coral diversity: ............................................................................................................ 41 iii 3.2.2 Reef slope fishes: ............................................................................................................. 43 3.2.3. Reef slope Macro-invertebrates: ..................................................................................... 49 3.3 Reef crest survey: ................................................................................................................ 52 3.4 Back reef survey: ............................................................................................................... 53 3.4.1 Back reef fishes: .............................................................................................................. 53 3.4.2 Back reef invertebrates ................................................................................................... 61 3.5 Socioeconomic survey: ...................................................................................................... 66 3.5.1 EOT workers questionnaire analysis: .............................................................................. 66 3.5.2 Fishermen questionnaire analysis: ................................................................................... 68 Chapter 5 - EIA ............................................................................................................................. 71 4.2:Impact identification: .......................................................................................................... 71 4.2.1: Expected impacts during construction phase: ................................................................. 71 4.2.1.1: Impact of dredging on the