(englisheduspot.blogspot.com) About the author: Anton Chekhov (1860 – 1904) Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, who is considered to be among the gre atest writers of short fiction in history. He was born on 29 January 1860 in Taganrog, Russia. His famous works are ‘Three Sisters’, ‘The Cherry Orchard’, ‘The Lady with the Dog’, etc. Anton Chekhov was an outstanding representative of the late 19th century Russian realist school. He won the prest igious Russian literary award, the Pushkin Prize. He passed away on 15 July 1904 in Germany and rests in peace in Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow. Glossary: (Passage 1 -2) 1. Apprentice (V) : to put under the care of a master to learn a craft. 2. Apprentice (N) : A trainee, especially in a skilled trade. 3. Go to bed: to lie down to sleep. 4. Eve: the day or night before, usually used for holidays such as Christmas Eve. 5. Rusty: affected by rust 6. Nib: tip of a pen that transfers ink to paper. 7. Spread out: (here) unfold 8. Crumpled: crushed, wrinkled 9. Tracing: (here) finding, creating 10. Glance (V): look briefly or hurriedly 11. Glance (N): a brief or hasty look 12. Peer : look with difficulty 13. Icon: painting or carving on wood 14. Cobbler: a person whose job is mending shoes 15. Last (N): a block of wood shaped like a foot, used in making and repairing shoes 16. Stretch : extend 17. Quivering: shivering, shaking 18. Sigh: a deep and prolonged audible inspiration or respiration of air as when grieved or relieved 19. Knelt: (past tense of kneel) stayed or stood on knee. Read passages 1 – 2 and answer the following questions 1. Why didn’t Vanka go to bed on Christmas eve? 2. Why did he glance several times anxiously at the door and window? 3. Find a word from the passage synonymous with “looked”. 4. “I have no Father and no Mummie.” Express the same idea differently in another sentence beginning with “I am........”. 5. Analyze the following sentence and fill in the following table. “The paper lay on the bench; Vanka knelt on the floor at the bench.” Noun phrase Verb phrase Prepositional phrase Tense of the verb (From SCERT Question Pool) 6. How long has Vanka been with Alyakhin? 7. What arrangement Vanka made to write the letter? 8. Pick out a word from the passage that means ‘a block of wood shaped like a foot’. 9. What idea do you get about Vanka’s life from the letter? Glossary (Passage 3) 1. Flicker : to burn or shine unsteadily 2. Distinctly: clearly 3. Lean: slim 4. Remarkably: noticeably 5. Agile: able to move quickly and easily 6. Bleary: tired, dull, exhausted 7. Wrapped: covered, dressed 8. Rattle (N): a wooden object that makes a series of short loud sounds when you spin it round 9. Drooping: bending down, falling down 10. Weasel-like: like a weasel (a mammal like mangoose) 11. Insinuate: to succeed in gaining somebody’s affection 12. Appealing: attractive 13. Inspire: infuse into the mind, create 14. Deferential: showing respect 15. Docility (n), Docile (adj): Readiness/ready to accept instructions 16. Cloak: a long outer garment. (here) a covering 17. Jesuitical: (here) cunning, deceitful, crafty 18. Spite: ill-will or hatred toward another 19. Malice: feeling a hatred for somebody that causes a desire to harm them, ill-will, wickedness 20. Adept: good at doing something that is quite difficult 21. Stealing: (here) moving silently 22. Snap: (N) (here) fastening device, trap,snare 23. Snatch (V): catch or seize quickly 24. Hind-legs: rear legs of the four-legged animals 25. Slash: cut 26. Strung up : tied up by rope (like to kill by hanging) 27. Survive: outlive, overcome a life-threatening event Read passage 3 and answer the following questions. 10. Give a short description of Konstantin Makarich. 11. How did Konstantin Makarich spend his daytime? 12. Why were the Eel’s deferential manner and docility said to be a cloak for the most Jesuitical spite and malice? 13. What were the specialties of the dog, Eel? 14. “Window-pane” and “grandfather” are examples of compound words. Search for other five compound words in the passage. 15. Pick out a word from the passage that is opposite in meaning to the word ‘vaguely’. Glossary (passage 4) 1. Screw up: to twist 2. Stump: walk heavily 3. Felt boots(n): boots made of matted fibres of wool, skin or hide 4. Fastened : tied, connected 5. Hug: embrace, to hold fast 6. Titter:(N) a short half-suppressed laugh or giggle 7. Pinch (N): a small amount of something, such as a powder, especially the amount that a person can hold between their first finger and thumb 8. Pinch (v): grip (something, typically a person's flesh) tightly and sharply between finger and thumb. 9. Sneeze: (V) make a sudden involuntary expulsion of air from the nose and mouth. 10. Snuff (N): powdered tobacco 11. Snuff (v): inhale or sniff up something like powdered tobacco 12. Offended: annoyed or upset 13. Wag: move rapidly to and fro 14. Glorious: (here) enjoyable, pleasant, splendid 15. Still: calm 16. Transparent: (here) clear 17. Rime: frost 18. Snow-drift: a bank of deep snow heaped up by the wind. 19. Distinctly: clearly 20. Sprinkled: spread or covered with small particles of something 21. Gaily: in a cheerful way 22. Scrub: (v) rub hard so as to clean www.shenischool.in Read passages 4 and 5 and answer the following questions. 16. How would the granddad interact with the maids or the cooks? 17. How would Kashtanka and Eel react to the grandfather’s offer of snuff? 18. How was the sky described to be seen in the passage? 19. Search for a synonym for “clearly” in the passage. 20. “The women would take a pinch.” Rewrite the sentence starting with “A pinch...” (From SCERT Question Pool) 21. What would granddad be doing on Christmas eve? 22. Read the conversation between the granddad and the servant woman. Granddad: Have a pinch from the snuffbox. Servant woman: I don’t like its smell. a) What did granddad ask the servant woman? b) What did the servant woman reply? 23. How does the author describe the climate of the place? 24. Identify a word from the passage that means ‘to rub something hard in order to clean it’. 25. “The Milky Way stood out as clearly as if newly scrubbed for the holiday”. Write another sentence using “as if”. Glossary (Passage 6) 1. Hiding (n): physical punishment usually involving being hit hard many times 2. Stirrup: foot rest connected to the saddle of a horse and used by horse-riders 3. Gut (v): to remove the organs from inside a fish or an animal to prepare it for cooking 4. Herring (n): a type of small oily fish 5. Tavern : an inn 6. Vodka: an alcoholic liquor popular in Russia 7. Gruel: a simple dish made by boiling oats in milk or water (kanji) 8. Gobble: (v) to eat or drink very fast as if greedy 9. Rock (v): move something gently to and fro or from side to side. 10. Implore: beg earnestly for 11. Twitch (v): make a sudden movement 12. Fist (n): hand with the fingers folded inward 13. Sob (n): an act of weeping or sobbing 14. Flog (v): beat or strike with a rod or a whip 15. Steward (n): (here) a servant, or attendant 16. Look after : take care of, protect Read the passages 6 and 7 from the story ‘Vanka’ and answer the following questions. 26. Why did the master beat Vanka with a stirrup-strap? 27. How did the other apprentices treat Vanka? 28. Write two promises that Vanka made to his granddad. 29. “I can’t bear it” is an expression from the first passage. There is another expression in the last passage similar to it in meaning and structure. What is it? 30. What is a single word used here that means “a physical punishment by beating and hitting”. www.shenischool.in (From SCERT Question Pool) 31. What did the cruel mistress do to Vanka? 32. Identify the sentence from the passage which says that Vanka is not well fed by his master. 33. Read the conversation between Vanka and his mistress: Mistress : Why did you gut the herring from its tail? Vanka : I have seen my mother doing so. Now, complete the sentences given below. a. The mistress asked Vanka................................................ b. Vanka replied............................................................... Glossary (Passages 8 - 9) 1. fierce : violent, ferocious 2. Sheat-fish : the largest fresh water fish in Europe 3. Rouble : the basic monetary unit of Russia 4. Butcher (n): meat-seller 5. Grouse : a bird with a fat body and feathers on its legs, which people shoot for sport and food 6. Glided: covered with a thin layer of gold or gold paint 7. Chest: (here) box Glossary (passages 10 – 11) 1. Gaze : look steadily 2. Gentry : people belonging to a high social class 3. Chuckle : (v) laugh quietly or inwardly 4. Chuckle (N) : a quiet or suppressed laugh 5. Frost -bound: covered with frost 6. Chopping down : cutting down 7. Motionless : not moving, stationary 8. Swift : fast, rapid 9. Could never help shouting : had to shout (idiomatic usage: can’t help + ing form of a verb = meaning unable avoid a situation or unable to stop something from happening) 10. Stub -tailed : having only stub or remnant of a tail 11. Amuse : cause to be happy or funny 12. Quadrille : a dance with four or more couples Read the passages 10 and 11 and answer the following questions.