a Sutural Bones d Flat Bones Flat bones have thin, parallel surfaces. Flat Sutural bones, or Sutural bone Sutures Wormian bones, are bones form the roof of the skull, the sternum small, flat, oddly (breastbone), the ribs, and the scapulae shaped bones found (shoulder blades). They provide protection for between the flat bones underlying soft tissues and offer an extensive of the skull. They range surface area for the attachment in size from a grain of of skeletal muscles. Parietal bone sand to a quarter. Their borders are like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Posterior view Sectional view b Irregular Bones Irregular bones have e Long Bones complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or Long bones are relatively long and slender. They are ridged surfaces. The Vertebra vertebrae that form the located in the arm and spinal column, the bones forearm, thigh and leg, of the pelvis, and several palms, soles, fingers, and bones in the skull are toes. The femur, the long examples of irregular bones. Humerus bone of the thigh, is the largest and heaviest bone in the body. c Short Bones f Sesamoid Bones Short bones are boxlike in Sesamoid bones are appearance. Carpal Patella usually small, round, and Examples of short bones flat. They are found near bones include the joints of the knees, hands, carpal bones (wrists) and feet. Few people have and tarsal bones sesamoid bones at every (ankles). possible location, but everyone has sesamoid patellae (pa-TEL-ē; singular, patella, a small © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. shallow dish), or kneecaps. 1 Openings Sinus: Chamber within a bone, normally filled with air Foramen: Rounded Projections passageway for blood vessels Process: Projection or and/or nerves bump Fissure: Deep furrow, Ramus: Part of a bone cleft, or slit that forms an angle with the Meatus: Passage or rest of the channel, structure especially the opening of a canal Skull, anterior view Canal: Duct or channel Skull, lateral view © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Figure 6–2 An Introduction to Bone Markings (Part 2 of 2). Projections where muscles, tendons, or Projections for forming joints ligaments attach Head: Expanded articular Trochanter: Large, rough end of an epiphysis, projection often separated from the shaft by a Crest: Prominent narrower neck (see ridge Figure 6–3a) Spine: Pointed process Neck: Narrow connection Head between the Line: Low ridge epiphysis and Femur diaphysis (see Tubercle: Small, Figure 6–3a) Pelvis Neck rounded projection Depressions Facet: Small, flat Sulcus: Narrow articular surface groove Tuberosity: Rough projection Fossa: Shallow depression Humerus Condyle: Smooth, rounded articular process Trochlea: Smooth, grooved articular process Condyle shaped like a pulley © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 6-2 Classification of Bones ▪ Structure of a long bone Epiphysis Spongy bone • Diaphysis (shaft) Metaphysis • Wall of compact bone • Central space called medullary Compact cavity (marrow cavity) bone • Epiphysis (wide part at each end) Medullary cavity Diaphysis • Mostly spongy bone (shaft) (trabecular bone) • Metaphysis • Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet Metaphysis Epiphysis a The structure of a representative long bone (the femur) in longitudinal section 4 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc..