Government of India Publications are obtainable from tbe Government of India Cenlral PubUcallon Branch, S, Government Plaoe{ West, Calcutta, and from the following Agents :- EUROPB. OFFICE 011' THB mGH COmnBSIONRR FOR INDIA. INDIA BOUS:S. ALDWYOH. LONDON, W.O. Z.. AD& at an •oa.uen.. IIIDIA AHD CEYLON: Provincial Bock Depots. l!ADlU.S :-Superintendent. Govemmen' Prest. Vonnt. Road, M:adrM. · Boxn.t.:r :-8uperlnt.cndent.. Government. Printing: a.nd St.aUont'ry, Quf't'nA Road, Bombay. SIND :-Library a.ttaebed to U10 Cinco of the Comml">~loner 1n Sind, 1\.zuachl. , DL"''O.U. :-Ben(nll Sc<:retarbt. Book De~ Wrlten' BuUdJnas., Room No. t, Gmund Floor, caJentta. iJMITBD PROVL'i'CES or Aoa.a. AND OUDU. :-superintendent. of GovemiiK'nt .Prcef. Untt«l .Province~ ol .Apa. and Oudh, AUilhabruL PmuAB :-SuP<'rlntc-ntl(!nt. Government. PrlnUna", Punjab.__TAhOT'O! . B\l'BlL\ :-Suparlntendent. Oovcmmont. Prlntimr, Burma. HAnaoon. t,...Y.:'I ·~ rn.ut ...... D-......... n---. ~h·r .. ~n~ .... t/, r. ............ -~ ... l'lol."-a. c ...... T"M ...... -. •••amr .Ass..&.K :-Superlntendcnt. A.am ~t.arb.t Pr""rs. ohlllona:. Bmu. AND ORISSA. :-Supcrlntcndcnt.. Oovernmont PrlnUng, Bihar and OtiAAG, P .0. Out.. rbaah, Patn&. NOB.'l'B•WBST l'RO!oi%IB& l'B.OYUI'C. :-llanngcr, Government. l'rlntlna and Stat.loDOf7o l'C»bawar. Tllaekcr, Spink & Co., ~td., Calcutta and Slmla. Tho Stndl'nta Own Book Depot, Dhflm1lr. W. Newman ..t Co,, Lw., Calcutta. Shrl Shi\Uknr Karnat.nka l"usta.ka. .lllut.ndara, Mala. S. K. Lahir:l ~ Co.! Cah::ott:L muddl DL:mrnr. Tho Indian Schoo Supply Depot. 300, Bow Buaar Tllr Hnafbh Uook Dt~pot, Forozopon.o. _ Stroot, Calcutta. Frontl••r Book ..t Stallont'r)' Co:,~.ltam~.lplndl, Butterworth & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta. •BOI.'ISCnbboy KnrlmJI & SoiUihi.. .,.ohl. M. 0. Sarcar ~ Sons, 15, ColleiJCI Squ~r Calcutta. Tho Enall.sh BoobtaU. Kane • Btandnrd IJternture Company, Llmltea, calcutta. R0110 & Co., Ka.ro.chl. Auoclatlon ProM, calcutta. · KCAJc .teo., KlllftcbL Cbukrrvertty, ChAtterjeo & Co,, Ltd., 18, CoUep Rnm Chandcr« Sollll, Ambllla. Xuaull. Square. Calcutta.. Tim Standard Dook>~t.all, Quctta and .Lahoro. Tho llook Compnpy, CAlcutta. • U. P. Mnlhot.ra &·co., Quct.ta. J"amea Murray ~ Co., 12, Government Place. Calcutta. J". Rny ..t Sons, 43 K • ..t L., Bdwardes Road, llawnl• (For Meteorological PubUeatlow only.) plmll, Murrco and Lahoro. ·RaT, Chaudhury & Co., 6&-6, Aahut.osb MukhcrJI Tbo Standard Book Depot, Lahore, Nalnlt.al., Mnl· Road, Calcntta. aoorto, Dalhouai~J, Ambala cantonment. nod Dillbl. Sclonttftc PubUahlnR Co.'-9, !a1tola Lane, Cnlcutta. Tbo Nnrth Iodin. Chrllltlnn Traet and Dook Soclt~tr, & lSACllAnlDl Lane, ChAtterJee Co., 3--1, CbatterJoe 18, Cllvl' lt~ul, AllnhabAd. Calcutta. Rnm Nnt"llln Lal, Ka.t.rn. AllahabAd. Btanda.rd .Law Book Society, 6, llnaUnp Stroot, •• Tho 1.<-ador," Allnhn.bnd. Calcutta. Tho Indl11n Army .Uook Dcpo~ Dnrnlbnah, Aara. Tho Hlndu Library, 8, Nandal.nl llulUck I.ano, Tho Kn5:tllllh !look Depot, 'Iaj J\oad, Aara. Calcutta. - Gn.ya I'nwvl .t: SoiUI, AIUU. Kallll"llll Book Depot., Ltd.. 15, Colleaa Square, Namyan &To., !leeton llood, Cawt1pnrn. CAlcutta. Tho Indian Army llook Dupot, oluUundur Clty- Tho Pioneer Book Suppty Co,, 20, Sblb Nrutnln ·Daa Darya~~:nnJ, llclhl, • Shamn. Do !olnongcr, Ncwnl Kl~hol"(l ~ Lul'know. P.~~~&~kt;t:- Co •• 2, CbaraD St.rcet.. TJlo Uppu Iwlla l'nblbhlng 1\ou1111, Ltd,, LIWraturo. Calcutta. Palii.Nl Amruudthmla l'ark, Lucknow. -.Bengal FlylnA: Club, Dnm Dum Cantt. ItA I "nhlb :If. Oull\b KlnAh ~ Sona. .MuOd·I·Am Proal. Knll Cbl\rau & Co., Municipal Market. Cnlrutta. Lnhu111 .....t .t\llahnbutl. N. !.1. Roy Chowdhury ~ Cu., 11, CoUego Sqr., Ramu Krl.!lbnn .t Son~. Uookllf'llrrt, Anllrkall, LAI.Joro, Calcutta. Stmlcnlfl l'rl!:ul4r H•·ltul, A.unt .. llll, La.l.o•·n·. Ornnthn MAndlr, Cuttnck. B. C. Basnk, Xgq .._ l'roprletor, Albart Library, Dacca. Ths,\lll~tlba c:rtJ:.f't l'r.::J~'~~. I:Sanakrlt !look Dt'pot, Rhn:dnbothn.IM..t _MD.dnuJ. Tho hu•unu1ro l'ubliclty Co,, f.td., 1.1\horo, Rochouse ami oons. llndrae. Tho l'unjab llrlh:cloua Book Society, Lll11oro. G. A. Natearui & Co., Publilhen. 000fKC!lown, Tlto Commcrelnl Hook Co., IAhoro. Mndrns. Tho Unh·enlty.Dook Aa:cncy, Kac.harl Rood, La110ro. p,. VIU"Ildn.ehn.ry & Co., Madru. City Book Co., Alndrna. llannat!r or tho Imperlnl Dook Depot, 081 Chnndnl Lnw PubllablnR Co., Myla"POI't', Ma.dma, l'hnwk Street, Ddbl. "The Booklovcr'a Reaort, Tal.knd, Trlvandrum, South J. M. Jnlna and HJ'OI'I., Delhi. India. .Fono Book Aaoney, Now Uelh.l and Simla. B. M. Gotmln.krl!hna Krme, Pudumandapam, Madura. Os:fo"l Book and St.Atlnnery Company, Dt'lhf, LAhore, Contralllook Depot, Mndura. Slmln, MN'ntt nod Cnleutt.A. Vljnpur & Co...,..\'.laagapn.tam. Mohnnlnl llOPilbhnl Sbnh, Itnjkot. Ttnu::ker ~Co., Ltd.k Dombal· Su})(lt., Aml"rlcan Dnpt.L!t Mlulon Plell, Ranaoon. D. B. Truupornvo.ln ;:,ona 4: Co., Bomblly. Burma Dook Club Lt.d., Uangoon. Ram Chandra Govlnd & Sona, Ka.lba.devl Rood, s. c. Tnlu.kdnr, Provrlctor, ~tudcot. & Co., Cooch Dombay. .Dohnr. • ;N. M. Trlpathl & Co., DooUollers. Prtnoou Street. Tho Alannll:cr, Tho IndiAn Dook Shop, •Dt>DJU'(!a City, Knlbadtvl Road, Bombay. NnndkLlhorc .t D~ .• Cbowk, Donaru City. New and Secondhand Bookahop, KalbAdevl Boad, Tho Mrh·UIIputtur Co·opuaLlva Tr&lllna Union, LW., Bombay. Srtvllllputtatr (!U.R.). z. M. Pruulla & Co., Bombay._ . Cal d Rnahunnth l'l"f\lltUI & Non1, Pntna Cltf, A. H. Whcclar & Co., .AllRhD.bad, cotta an The ::Hntll·nt•' .Emporium, Pllt.ltR, . ]lombay. K. L. ld.Dthur .t Droa., Ouarl, l'atna City. Bombay Book De-pot, GJrRaon, Bombay. Bennrtt. Colemn.o. & Co., Ltd., Thu Tlmcll of lndla Kmmala Rook St.arH, :aankiJ""'TT", Patna. Preu. Bombay. 0. IJu.,tcrjca and lh'OI., R.o.uehl. Tho Popnlnr Book DePOt. Bombay, M. C. Kothnr_h .Ralpura RoAd, DlltOdG. .Lnwrence & llnyo, Ltd., Bombay. B. Prulkh 4: ~.:o., Dnroda • The MBDilllCf, Oriental Book Suppl)'ina: A~ey, 16. Tho H)·derahad Dook Depot, ObAdt!rah.o.t, BJdera• Shtlkrawar, Poonn City. bnd (Deccan). Jlamll Kridbmrt Brot., O_ppOilte Blsbrambaa, Poona S. Krllhnuwamr & Co., TeppakulllJil :P.O., Ttleblno· Cl<y. 0 8. P. :Dookatall, 21 Bndhwar, Poona. sJ~:J'o~ ~ook and llap Aeenor, DoobeUm a.n4 Tho Intt-mo.Uona.l book Servlceil Poona f. Publ~horw, Ballyaun,lrt'. Mangn.ldas & Bona Bookac erli and Publllhon, Kam.o.Laka I>ubll~hlng Don-e, nnnldlont City, Dhccnur. Son•, Ji'ort.. Danglllorc City. Dhn.5:~a Talao Sora1 , Tho Standard irook nnd Stationery Co., 82-38, Arbab Supl'rlntandcnt. BIUIRRloro l'rCN, LU:o Vlow, M)'lore Road, l'cshawnr. Road, IJ&Dploro C.:Jty, AOB2 D p~ :-StelmaWt:J", 1eruaa.lem. • Aaeut tor publJcatlona on avlatloo only. CENSUS OF INDIA, 19.31 • VOLU~IE XIV 1\I.A.DR.AS PART I • REPORT BY M. W. M. YEATTS, 011 TlDI INDLUf 0IVIL SEP.VIOJII, Svperintmdenl of Cen6VB Opemliofla,IJiadrua . llADitA8 PRINTED BY THE SuPERI~ENDENT, GOVERNlalNT PRESS, A."iD PUBLISBED BY 'l'BE OOVERNUENT OF INDIA CENTRAL PUBLICATION BRANCH. CALOU'l'TA YOLU~fE XlV GENE8Al- TABl-E OF (',,NTENTS OF THE fOUR. P .ARTS. PART I. THE BEPORP. PAOB .. .. ., .. 1 CIIAPTEII• £ th pul&tion .. 12 I. ))ietribution and movenumt o e po •• 52 n. Tho popul&tion of cities, townB and vUJa.gea .. .. .. ... 74 III. nirthplaeo and migration .. .. 97 IV. Age .. .. .. 129 V. Sex .. .. .. 153 .. 17() VII.VIM_,_ In6rmitiea . • . • • . ··~, . · · .. 191 VIII. Occupati011 .. .. • • • .. .. .. 264. IX. Literacy . • .. .. .. • .. .. 286 X. llfothertonguo and subsidiary la.ngu .. .. .. .. XI. Religion . • . • . .. 317 332 XII. &.cor tribe or caste .. LIST OF M.A.PS .AND Dl..4.GR.A.M8. M"f'· I. Social .. .. .. !~!19 title page. .. .. .. 1 2. Key .. .. 21 3. Density by dlatriot& .. .. •· Percentage variation in population by districtll • '.! . 31 I • 33' 8. Change in density by districlll .. ~ .. 6. Irrigation and foreslll .. 35 7. Density by taluka .. 35- 8. Percent.lge change in population-regiono.l variation ~ fl. Callout city-density by wards •• 7() 10. ltladum city-density by WlUds .. 71 Jl. Emigration 93 12. Soz ratio by diatriotll 0 0' ~ ... 129 13. Soz ratio by warda--C~Wout city 139 14. Do. -Coimbatoro city .. ' .. 139 15. Do. -Madura city 140 16. Do.· -Tricbinopoly city l-ID I 7. Sex ratio-taluk variAtion .. .. 140 18. Insanity .. .. ... ... 174 19. Dcafmutism ... 175 20. Blindness .. .. .. .. 177 21. Leprosy .. .. .. .. 183 22. Water Power .. 20S 23. Diatribution of handlooms by distriolll .. 226 2-l. Literacy-malo .. .. .. .. .. 266 !!5. Litcrnoy-fcmale .. 267 26. Jllotbcrtonguo £rontiem 286 27. Lin~t.io .. .. .. .. .. 42() Diagrams. l. Provincea in order o£ density on bases proportional to are& •• .. 16 2. Rt\tes of inoroas&, 1921-31 16 3. Growth of population, 1871-1931, for provinoea and G~ Brltain:: .. 17 4. ,A verog<> district by population and area • , •• 18 6. Madras districts in order of population , • • , • , '. .. 19 0. Population growth, 1891-1931, In four oharocteristio areas .. .. 20 7. Madras districts in order o£ density .. .. .. .. 21 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Diagra,....._.,ont. P.AGB 8. Rates of natural increase of population in British lndi& and Madras •Presi. dency per 1,000 of inhabitants during each year of 1921...;)0 • • •\ 28 9. Trend ofthe birthrate, the deathrate and the natnml increase in popula­ tion during the 30 years period 1901...;)0 in British Indi" and Modras Presidency • • • • • • 29 10. Proportion of the births constituting the natural increase of the population in British India and Madras Presidency in each ye!ll" during 1921...;)0 •• 29 1L Urban and rnral elements in 1,000 population by naturul divisions in order- of urban proportion . • • • • • • . , • • • • • . • 53 12. Rate of growth of urban population-by classes, 1881-1~1 •• · 56 13.